}
        ]
    }


def test_cookie_param_model_extra(client: TestClient):
    with client as c:
        c.cookies.set("session_id", "123")
        c.cookies.set("extra", "track-me-here-too")
        response = c.get("/items/")
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "type": "extra_forbidden",

	opReadRune4 readOp = 4  // Read rune of size 4.
)

// ErrTooLarge is passed to panic if memory cannot be allocated to store data in a buffer.
var ErrTooLarge = errors.New("bytes.Buffer: too large")
var errNegativeRead = errors.New("bytes.Buffer: reader returned negative count from Read")

const maxInt = int(^uint(0) >> 1)

// Bytes returns a slice of length b.Len() holding the unread portion of the buffer.

var errLineTooLong = errors.New("header line too long")

// malformed encoding is generated when chunk header is wrongly formed.
var errMalformedEncoding = errors.New("malformed chunked encoding")

// chunk is considered too big if its bigger than > 16MiB.
var errChunkTooBig = errors.New("chunk too big: choose chunk size <= 16MiB")

        raise


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: str = Depends(get_username)):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":
        raise InternalError(
            f"The portal gun is too dangerous to be owned by {username}"
        )
    if item_id != "plumbus":
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=404, detail="Item not found, there's only a plumbus here"
        )

@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, username: str = Depends(get_username)):
    if item_id == "portal-gun":
        raise InternalError(
            f"The portal gun is too dangerous to be owned by {username}"
        )
    if item_id != "plumbus":
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=404, detail="Item not found, there's only a plumbus here"
        )

testing/*/build/test-results-*.zip => results
testing/*/build/tmp/**/log.txt => failure-logs
testing/*/build/tmp/**/profile.log => failure-logs
testing/*/build/tmp/**/daemon-*.out.log => failure-logs
"""

// to avoid pathname too long error
fun BuildSteps.substDirOnWindows(os: Os) {
    if (os == Os.WINDOWS) {
        script {
            name = "SETUP_VIRTUAL_DISK_FOR_PERF_TEST"
            executionMode = BuildStep.ExecutionMode.ALWAYS

		if typ == unexpectedFileMode || typ&os.ModeSymlink == os.ModeSymlink {
			fi, err := Stat(pathJoin(dirPath, string(name)))
			if err != nil {
				// It got deleted in the meantime, not found
				// or returns too many symlinks ignore this
				// file/directory.
				if osIsNotExist(err) || isSysErrPathNotFound(err) ||
					isSysErrTooManySymlinks(err) {
					continue
				}
				return err
			}

    client = TestClient(mod.app)
    with pytest.raises(mod.InternalError) as exc_info:
        client.get("/items/portal-gun")
    assert (
        exc_info.value.args[0] == "The portal gun is too dangerous to be owned by Rick"
    )


def test_internal_server_error(mod: ModuleType):
    client = TestClient(mod.app, raise_server_exceptions=False)
    response = client.get("/items/portal-gun")

* for **output** it will be **required** (and possibly `None`, or in JSON terms, `null`)

### Model for Output in Docs { #model-for-output-in-docs }

You can check the output model in the docs too, **both** `name` and `description` are marked as **required** with a **red asterisk**:

<div class="screenshot">
<img src="/img/tutorial/separate-openapi-schemas/image03.png">
</div>

## Cloud Providers - Sponsors { #cloud-providers-sponsors }

Some other cloud providers ✨ [**sponsor FastAPI**](../help-fastapi.md#sponsor-the-author){.internal-link target=_blank} ✨ too. 🙇

You might also want to consider them to follow their guides and try their services: