These functions can be declared with `async def` or normal `def`.

### `startup` event { #startup-event }

To add a function that should be run before the application starts, declare it with the event `"startup"`:

{* ../../docs_src/events/tutorial001_py310.py hl[8] *}

<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#A1EFE4">27370</font>]
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Waiting for application startup.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#A1EFE4">27367</font>]

<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#A1EFE4">27370</font>]
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Waiting for application startup.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#A1EFE4">27367</font>]

<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#A1EFE4">27370</font>]
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Waiting for application startup.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#A1EFE4">27367</font>]

<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#A1EFE4">27370</font>]
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Waiting for application startup.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Application startup complete.
<font color="#A6E22E">INFO</font>:     Started server process [<font color="#A1EFE4">27367</font>]

# 測試事件：lifespan 與 startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

當你需要在測試中執行 lifespan（生命週期）時，你可以使用 TestClient 並搭配 with 陳述式：

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}

你可以閱讀更多細節：[在測試中執行 lifespan](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)（Starlette 官方文件）。

對於已棄用的 `startup` 和 `shutdown` 事件，你可以這樣使用 TestClient：

# Testing Events: lifespan and startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

When you need `lifespan` to run in your tests, you can use the `TestClient` with a `with` statement:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}


You can read more details about the ["Running lifespan in tests in the official Starlette documentation site."](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)

# 测试事件：lifespan 和 startup - shutdown { #testing-events-lifespan-and-startup-shutdown }

当你需要在测试中运行 `lifespan` 时，可以将 `TestClient` 与 `with` 语句一起使用：

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9:15,18,27:28,30:32,41:43] *}

你可以在[官方 Starlette 文档站点的“在测试中运行 lifespan”](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/#running-lifespan-in-tests)阅读更多细节。

对于已弃用的 `startup` 和 `shutdown` 事件，可以按如下方式使用 `TestClient`：

* the return type: der Rückgabetyp
* the return value: der Rückgabewert
* the startup (the event of the app): der Startup
* the shutdown (the event of the app): der Shutdown
* the startup event: das Startup-Event
* the shutdown event: das Shutdown-Event
* the startup (of the server): das Hochfahren
* the startup (the company): das Startup
* the SDK: das SDK
* the tag: der Tag
* the type annotation: die Typannotation

  public void testStart_failed() {
    Exception exception = new Exception("deliberate");
    TestService service =
        new TestService() {
          @Override
          protected void startUp() throws Exception {
            super.startUp();
            throw exception;
          }
        };
    assertEquals(0, service.startUpCalled);
    RuntimeException e =