assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_getType_immutability() {
        // Test that getType returns the same value consistently
        String type = "ApiKey";
        String message = "API key expired";
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception = new InvalidAccessTokenException(type, message);

    }

    @Test
    public void test_throwAndCatchWithCause() {
        // Test throwing and catching the exception with cause
        String expectedMessage = "SAML assertion validation failed";
        Exception expectedCause = new IllegalStateException("Invalid SAML response");

        try {
            throw new SsoProcessException(expectedMessage, expectedCause);
        } catch (SsoProcessException e) {

 * saml.sp.single_logout_service.url=https://your-fess-server.example.com/sso/logout
 * </pre>
 *
 * <h2>Complete Configuration Example (Okta)</h2>
 * <pre>
 * sso.type=saml
 *
 * # IdP settings from Okta SAML setup instructions
 * saml.idp.entityid=http://www.okta.com/your-app-id
 * saml.idp.single_sign_on_service.url=https://your-domain.okta.com/app/your-app/your-app-id/sso/saml

<img src="/img/tutorial/bigger-applications/image01.png">

## Include the same router multiple times with different `prefix` { #include-the-same-router-multiple-times-with-different-prefix }

You can also use `.include_router()` multiple times with the *same* router using different prefixes.

This could be useful, for example, to expose the same API under different prefixes, e.g. `/api/v1` and `/api/latest`.

query_or_cookie_extractor(["query_or_cookie_extractor"])

read_query["/items/"]

query_extractor --> query_or_cookie_extractor --> read_query
```

## Using the same dependency multiple times { #using-the-same-dependency-multiple-times }

If one of your dependencies is declared multiple times for the same *path operation*, for example, multiple dependencies have a common sub-dependency, **FastAPI** will know to call that sub-dependency only once per request.

Do you want to just have a `str`? Or just a `dict`? Or a database class model instance directly? It all works the same way.

You actually don't have users that log in to your application but robots, bots, or other systems, that have just an access token? Again, it all works the same.

# Path Parameters and Numeric Validations { #path-parameters-and-numeric-validations }

In the same way that you can declare more validations and metadata for query parameters with `Query`, you can declare the same type of validations and metadata for path parameters with `Path`.

## Import `Path` { #import-path }

First, import `Path` from `fastapi`, and import `Annotated`:

{* ../../docs_src/path_params_numeric_validations/tutorial001_an_py310.py hl[1,3] *}

This will be especially useful when you use it in a **large code base** where you use **the same dependencies** over and over again in **many *path operations***.

## To `async` or not to `async` { #to-async-or-not-to-async }

As dependencies will also be called by **FastAPI** (the same as your *path operation functions*), the same rules apply while defining your functions.

///

And we are using this model to declare our input and the same model to declare our output:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial002_py310.py hl[16] *}

Now, whenever a browser is creating a user with a password, the API will return the same password in the response.

In this case, it might not be a problem, because it's the same user sending the password.

        } finally {
            // Clean up
            systemProperties.remove("saml.sp.base.url");
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test_buildDefaultUrl_allEndpoints() throws Exception {
        // Test all SAML endpoints are built correctly
        SamlAuthenticator authenticator = new SamlAuthenticator();