// Guava Cache handles expiration automatically
        // Wait for cache to expire and call cleanup
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100L);
        } catch (final InterruptedException e) {
            // ignore
        }

        rateLimitHelper.cleanup();
        // After cleanup, the expired entry should be removed
        // Note: The actual expiration depends on the configured block duration

import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

/**
 * Helper class for rate limiting functionality.
 * Implements a sliding window algorithm for request counting
 * and manages IP-based blocking using Guava Cache for automatic expiration.
 */
public class RateLimitHelper {

    private static final Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(RateLimitHelper.class);

    /**
     * Request counters per IP address.

/**
 * Hc4ConnectionMonitorTarget is responsible for monitoring and managing HTTP client connections
 * for Apache HttpComponents 4.x. It implements the TimeoutTarget interface to handle connection
 * expiration events.
 *
 * <p>This class uses an instance of HttpClientConnectionManager to manage the connections.
 * It closes expired connections and idle connections that have exceeded a specified timeout.
 * </p>
 *

/**
 * Hc5ConnectionMonitorTarget is responsible for monitoring and managing HTTP client connections
 * for Apache HttpComponents 5.x. It implements the TimeoutTarget interface to handle connection
 * expiration events.
 *
 * <p>This class uses an instance of HttpClientConnectionManager to manage the connections.
 * It closes expired connections and idle connections that have exceeded a specified timeout.
 * </p>
 *

        } catch (final ExecutionException e) {
            throw new CrawlerSystemException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Sets the filter cache expiration time.
     * @param filterCacheExpireAfterWrite The expiration time in seconds.
     */
    public void setFilterCacheExpireAfterWrite(final int filterCacheExpireAfterWrite) {
        this.filterCacheExpireAfterWrite = filterCacheExpireAfterWrite;

   * value after the specified time has passed. Subsequent calls to {@code get()} return the cached
   * value if the expiration time has not passed. After the expiration time, a new value is
   * retrieved, cached, and returned. See: <a
   * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization">memoization</a>
   *

    /** The last modified date of the cached response, if known. */
    private var lastModified: Date? = null
    private var lastModifiedString: String? = null

    /**
     * The expiration date of the cached response, if known. If both this field and the max age are
     * set, the max age is preferred.
     */
    private var expires: Date? = null

    /**

That way, you can create a token with an expiration of, let's say, 1 week. And then when the user comes back the next day with the token, you know that user is still logged in to your system.

   * value after the specified time has passed. Subsequent calls to {@code get()} return the cached
   * value if the expiration time has not passed. After the expiration time, a new value is
   * retrieved, cached, and returned. See: <a
   * href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memoization">memoization</a>
   *

        private final long expiration;

        /**
         * Constructs StateData with nonce and expiration.
         * @param nonce The nonce value.
         * @param expiration The expiration timestamp.
         */
        public StateData(final String nonce, final long expiration) {
            this.nonce = nonce;
            this.expiration = expiration;
        }

        /**