fun newApi(thing: String, desc: String): String =
            "$thing ${describe(thing, desc)}: New public API in 2.0 (@Incubating)"

        fun added(thing: String, desc: String): List<String> =
            listOf(
                "$thing ${describe(thing, desc)}: Is not annotated with @Incubating.",
                "$thing ${describe(thing, desc)}: Is not annotated with @since 2.0."
            )

    void testEqualsNullSafe() {
        assertNotEquals(null, new Model());

        new Model().equals(new Model());
    }

    @Test
    void testEqualsIdentity() {
        Model thing = new Model();
        assertEquals(thing, thing);
    }

    @Test
    void testToStringNullSafe() {
        assertNotNull(new Model().toString());
    }

    @Test
    void testPropertiesClear() {

                .withParameter("and-another-thing", "")
                .withParameter("normal-thing", "foo")
                .toString())
        .isEqualTo(
            "text/plain; something=\"cr@zy\"; something-else=\"crazy with spaces\";"
                + " and-another-thing=\"\"; normal-thing=foo");
  }

    assertBasicUrlEscaper(e);

    /*
     * Specified as safe by RFC 2396 but not by java.net.URLEncoder. These tests will start failing
     * when the escaper is made compliant with RFC 2396, but that's a good thing (just change them
     * to assertUnescaped).
     */
    assertEscaping(e, "%21", '!');
    assertEscaping(e, "%28", '(');
    assertEscaping(e, "%29", ')');
    assertEscaping(e, "%7E", '~');

{* ../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial002_py310.py hl[1] *}

That is not the same as declaring default values like would be with:

```Python
    first_name="john", last_name="doe"
```

It's a different thing.

We are using colons (`:`), not equals (`=`).

And adding type hints normally doesn't change what happens from what would happen without them.

    assertBasicUrlEscaper(e);

    /*
     * Specified as safe by RFC 2396 but not by java.net.URLEncoder. These tests will start failing
     * when the escaper is made compliant with RFC 2396, but that's a good thing (just change them
     * to assertUnescaped).
     */
    assertEscaping(e, "%21", '!');
    assertEscaping(e, "%28", '(');
    assertEscaping(e, "%29", ')');
    assertEscaping(e, "%7E", '~');

The word **process** is normally used in a more specific way, only referring to the thing that is running in the operating system (like in the last point above):

* A particular program while it is **running** on the operating system.
    * This doesn't refer to the file, nor to the code, it refers **specifically** to the thing that is being **executed** and managed by the operating system.

The main logic with ADRs is to describe (architectural) decisions made:

* To provide best practices and solutions we (as the *build tool* team) want to promote.
* To avoid asking the same thing multiple times during code review.
* To explain *rejected solutions*, for now, and future development, in case they are proposed again.

ADRs can be written by any team.

## Pin your `fastapi` version { #pin-your-fastapi-version }

The first thing you should do is to "pin" the version of **FastAPI** you are using to the specific latest version that you know works correctly for your application.

For example, let's say you are using version `0.112.0` in your app.

   * `new Integer` (as we do) instead of `Integer.valueOf`. However, under J2KT, `new Integer`
   * gets translated back to `Integer.valueOf` because that is the only thing J2KT can support. And
   * anyway, it's nice to avoid `Integer.valueOf` because the Android toolchain optimizes multiple
   * `Integer.valueOf` calls into one! So we stick with the deprecated `Integer` constructor.
   */