t.Fatalf("Join name mismatch: %v", tx.Statement.Joins[0].Name)
	}

	// Preload
	tx = tx.Preload("Orders", "state != ?", "cancelled")
	args, ok := tx.Statement.Preloads["Orders"]
	if !ok || len(args) != 2 {
		t.Fatalf("Preload expected with args, got %v", tx.Statement.Preloads)
	}

	// Scopes: just ensure calling Scopes doesn't panic and returns a DB

	result, err := db.Preload("Company", nil).Preload("Pets", nil).Where("name = ?", u.Name).First(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Preload failed: %v", err)
	}

	if result.Name != u.Name || result.Company.Name != u.Company.Name || len(result.Pets) != len(u.Pets) {
		t.Fatalf("Preload expected %s, got %+v", u.Name, result)
	}

	results, err := db.Preload("Company", func(db gorm.PreloadBuilder) error {

	DB.Model(&blog).Association("Tags").Find(&tags)
	if !compareTags(tags, []string{"tag1", "tag2", "tag3"}) {
		t.Fatalf("Should find 3 tags")
	}

	var blog1 Blog
	DB.Preload("Tags").Find(&blog1)
	if !compareTags(blog1.Tags, []string{"tag1", "tag2", "tag3"}) {
		t.Fatalf("Preload many2many relations")
	}

	// Replace
	tag5 := &Tag{Locale: "ZH", Value: "tag5"}
	tag6 := &Tag{Locale: "ZH", Value: "tag6"}

    }

    // Test reload with InputStream
    @Test
    public void test_reload_withComments() {
        String content = "# This is a comment\n" + "word1\n" + "\n" + // empty line
                "word2\n" + "# Another comment\n" + "word3\n";

        InputStream is = new ByteArrayInputStream(content.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        stopwordsFile.reload(null, is);

        // Load data first
        protwordsFile.reload(null);

        // Test with offset out of bounds
        PagingList<ProtwordsItem> list = protwordsFile.selectList(100, 10);
        assertEquals(0, list.size());
        assertTrue(list.isEmpty());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_selectList_negativeOffset() {
        // Load data first
        protwordsFile.reload(null);

        // Test with negative offset

  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@code CacheLoader} which wraps {@code loader}, executing calls to {@link
   * CacheLoader#reload} using {@code executor}.
   *
   * <p>This method is useful only when {@code loader.reload} has a synchronous implementation, such
   * as {@linkplain #reload the default implementation}.
   *
   * @since 17.0
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Executor + Futures

  }

  /**
   * Returns a {@code CacheLoader} which wraps {@code loader}, executing calls to {@link
   * CacheLoader#reload} using {@code executor}.
   *
   * <p>This method is useful only when {@code loader.reload} has a synchronous implementation, such
   * as {@linkplain #reload the default implementation}.
   *
   * @since 17.0
   */
  @GwtIncompatible // Executor + Futures

        }
    }

    // Test reload with IOException
    @Test
    public void test_reload_ioException() throws Exception {
        // This test verifies error handling during reload
        // Since we can't easily mock the IOException, we'll test with invalid data
        writeTestFile("invalid => "); // Invalid format

        try {
            charMappingFile.reload(null);

    @Override
    public Integer load(Integer key) {
      countLoad.incrementAndGet();
      return key;
    }

    @J2ktIncompatible
    @GwtIncompatible // reload
    @Override
    public ListenableFuture<Integer> reload(Integer key, Integer oldValue) {
      countReload.incrementAndGet();
      return immediateFuture(oldValue + 1);
    }

    public int getLoadCount() {

    @Override
    public Integer load(Integer key) {
      countLoad.incrementAndGet();
      return key;
    }

    @J2ktIncompatible
    @GwtIncompatible // reload
    @Override
    public ListenableFuture<Integer> reload(Integer key, Integer oldValue) {
      countReload.incrementAndGet();
      return immediateFuture(oldValue + 1);
    }

    public int getLoadCount() {