}

    @Test
    public void test_unicode_base64_encoding() {
        // Test that unicode strings are properly encoded/decoded
        String unicodeString = "日本語テスト";
        String encoded = BaseEncoding.base64().encode(unicodeString.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
        String decoded = new String(BaseEncoding.base64().decode(encoded), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

        assertEquals(unicodeString, decoded);
    }

    @Test

## Base64 vs Files { #base64-vs-files }

Consider first if you can use [Request Files](../tutorial/request-files.md) for uploading binary data and [Custom Response - FileResponse](./custom-response.md#fileresponse--fileresponse-) for sending binary data, instead of encoding it in JSON.

JSON can only contain UTF-8 encoded strings, so it can't contain raw bytes.

 * hex.lowerCase(); // does nothing!
 * return hex.decode("deadbeef"); // throws an IllegalArgumentException
 * }
 *
 * <p>It is guaranteed that {@code encoding.decode(encoding.encode(x))} is always equal to {@code
 * x}, but the reverse does not necessarily hold.
 *
 * <table>
 * <caption>Encodings</caption>
 * <tr>
 * <th>Encoding
 * <th>Alphabet
 * <th>{@code char:byte} ratio
 * <th>Default padding
 * <th>Comments

        .override(
          Encoding.SKIP,
          '\t'.code,
          '\n'.code,
          '\u000c'.code,
          '\r'.code,
        ).override(
          Encoding.PERCENT,
          ' '.code,
          '"'.code,
          '#'.code,
          '<'.code,
          '>'.code,
          '?'.code,
          '`'.code,
        ).override(
          Encoding.PERCENT,
          UNICODE_2,

        }
    }

    /**
     * Encodes the specified value using the character encoding.
     *
     * @param value the value to encode
     * @return the encoded value
     * @throws CurlException if the encoding is unsupported
     */
    protected String encode(final String value) {
        try {
            return URLEncoder.encode(value, encoding);

  private const val INITIAL_BIAS = 72
  private const val INITIAL_N = 0x80

  /**
   * Returns null if any label is oversized so much that the encoder cannot encode it without
   * integer overflow. This will not return null for labels that fit within the DNS size
   * limits.
   */
  fun encode(string: String): String? {
    var pos = 0
    val limit = string.length
    val result = Buffer()

    while (pos < limit) {

```

/// tip

上面的應用是一個極簡範例，用來示範如何處理並向多個 WebSocket 連線廣播訊息。

但請注意，因為所有狀態都在記憶體中的單一 list 裡管理，它只會在該程序執行期間生效，且僅適用於單一程序。

如果你需要一個容易與 FastAPI 整合、但更健壯，且可由 Redis、PostgreSQL 等後端支援的方案，請參考 [encode/broadcaster](https://github.com/encode/broadcaster)。

///

## 更多資訊 { #more-info }

想了解更多選項，請參考 Starlette 的文件：

* [`WebSocket` 類別](https://www.starlette.dev/websockets/)。

```

/// tip

上面的应用程序是一个最小和简单的示例，用于演示如何处理和向多个 WebSocket 连接广播消息。

但请记住，由于所有内容都在内存中以单个列表的形式处理，因此它只能在进程运行时工作，并且只能使用单个进程。

如果您需要与 FastAPI 集成更简单但更强大的功能，支持 Redis、PostgreSQL 或其他功能，请查看 [encode/broadcaster](https://github.com/encode/broadcaster)。

///

## 更多信息 { #more-info }

要了解更多选项，请查看 Starlette 的文档：

* [`WebSocket` 类](https://www.starlette.dev/websockets/)。

If you need something easy to integrate with FastAPI but that is more robust, supported by Redis, PostgreSQL or others, check [encode/broadcaster](https://github.com/encode/broadcaster).

///

## More info { #more-info }

To learn more about the options, check Starlette's documentation for:

* [The `WebSocket` class](https://www.starlette.dev/websockets/).

   *   generalTime    GeneralizedTime
   * }
   * ```
   *
   * RFC 5280, section 4.1.2.5:
   *
   * > CAs conforming to this profile MUST always encode certificate validity dates through the year
   * > 2049 as UTCTime; certificate validity dates in 2050 or later MUST be encoded as
   * > GeneralizedTime.
   */
  internal val time: DerAdapter<Long> =
    object : DerAdapter<Long> {