/**
   * Substitute: A character that may be substituted for a character which is determined to be
   * invalid or in error.
   *
   * @since 8.0
   */
  public static final byte SUB = 26;

  /**
   * Escape: A control character intended to provide code extension (supplementary characters) in
   * general information interchange. The Escape character itself is a prefix affecting the

    return total;
  }

  /**
   * Discards {@code n} characters of data from the reader. This method will block until the full
   * amount has been skipped. Does not close the reader.
   *
   * @param reader the reader to read from
   * @param n the number of characters to skip
   * @throws EOFException if this stream reaches the end before skipping all the characters
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */

 *
 *  * In queries, ' ' is encoded to '+' and '+' is encoded to "%2B".
 *
 *  * Characters in `encodeSet` are percent-encoded.
 *
 *  * Control characters and non-ASCII characters are percent-encoded.
 *
 *  * All other characters are copied without transformation.
 *
 * @param alreadyEncoded true to leave '%' as-is; false to convert it to '%25'.

/**
 * Represents a single character mapping rule that defines how input characters are mapped to output characters
 * for text analysis and search processing. This class is used in character mapping dictionaries to transform
 * text during indexing and search operations.
 *
 * <p>Each mapping item consists of one or more input character sequences that are mapped to a single output

    // which means they are treated as pairs of safe characters).
    builder.setSafeRange(Character.MIN_VALUE, '\uFFFD');
    // Unsafe characters are replaced with the Unicode replacement character.
    builder.setUnsafeReplacement("\uFFFD");

    /*
     * Except for \n, \t, and \r, all ASCII control characters are replaced with the Unicode
     * replacement character.
     *

  public void testBuilderInitialStateNoReplacement() {
    // Unsafe characters aren't modified by default (unsafeReplacement == null).
    Escaper escaper = Escapers.builder().setSafeRange('a', 'z').build();
    assertThat(escaper.escape("The Quick Brown Fox")).isEqualTo("The Quick Brown Fox");
  }

  public void testBuilderInitialStateNoneUnsafe() {
    // No characters are unsafe by default (safeMin == 0, safeMax == 0xFFFF).

import static com.google.common.truth.Truth.assertThat;
import static java.lang.Character.MAX_CODE_POINT;
import static java.lang.Character.MAX_HIGH_SURROGATE;
import static java.lang.Character.MAX_LOW_SURROGATE;
import static java.lang.Character.MIN_HIGH_SURROGATE;
import static java.lang.Character.MIN_LOW_SURROGATE;
import static java.lang.Character.MIN_SUPPLEMENTARY_CODE_POINT;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

 * assigned characters, including important CJK characters and emoji.
 *
 * <p>Supplementary characters are <a
 * href="https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/Character.html#supplementary">encoded
 * into a {@code String} using surrogate pairs</a>, and a {@code CharMatcher} treats these just as
 * two separate characters. {@link #countIn} counts each supplementary character as 2 {@code char}s.
 *

    @Required
    @Size(max = 100)
    public String username;

    /** The password for file authentication (maximum 100 characters). */
    @Size(max = 100)
    public String password;

    /** Additional parameters for file authentication (maximum 1000 characters). */
    @Size(max = 1000)
    public String parameters;

        // Test toString with buffer containing non-printable characters or special unicode
        String unicodeChars = "你好世界"; // "Hello World" in Chinese
        UnicodeString unicodeStringChinese = new UnicodeString(unicodeChars, false);
        assertEquals(unicodeChars, unicodeStringChinese.toString(), "toString should handle unicode characters correctly");