void testReadDataWireFormatEmptyBuffer() {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[0];

            // Empty buffer causes ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException when trying to read
            assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
                response.readDataWireFormat(buffer, 0, 0);
            });
        }

        @Test

        buffer.putShort(0, (short) 1);
        buffer.putShort(2, (short) 1);
        buffer.putInt(4, data.length + 1); // Invalid offset
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> NtlmMessage.readSecurityBuffer(data, 0),
                "Should throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException for invalid offset.");
    }

    @Test

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Messages: accessing invalid index throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException")
    void messagesOutOfBoundsThrows() {
        // Arrange
        String[] msgs = DosError.DOS_ERROR_MESSAGES;

        // Act & Assert: negative index
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            @SuppressWarnings("unused")
            String s = msgs[-1];
        });

            // When & Then - the implementation throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException when buffer bounds are exceeded
            assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
                Strings.findUNITermination(bufferWithoutTermination, 0, bufferWithoutTermination.length);
            }, "Should throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException when termination not found within bounds");
        }

        @Test

            }
        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Boundary conditions")
    class Boundary {
        @Test
        void accessingInvalidIndexThrows() {
            assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
                int dummy = WinError.WINERR_CODES[WinError.WINERR_CODES.length];
            });
        }
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Mockito mock of WinError")

    void testReadDataWireFormatWithIOException() throws Exception {
        // Create an invalid security descriptor buffer that will cause ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
        byte[] buffer = new byte[4];

        // Set error code to 0
        setErrorCode(response, 0);

        // ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException is thrown when buffer is too small

        assertTrue(repr.contains("newOplockLevel=2"));
    }

    /**
     * Test decoding of bytes buffer that is too short triggers an exception.
     * Note: The actual implementation throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
     * when the buffer is too short, not SMBProtocolDecodingException.
     */
    @Test
    void readBytesWireFormatTooShortException() {
        Configuration cfg = mock(Configuration.class);

        infoField.setAccessible(true);
        infoField.set(msrpcShareGetInfo, info502);

        // This should throw an ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException when trying to read beyond array
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            msrpcShareGetInfo.getSecurity();
        });
    }

    @Test
    void testGetSecurityWithWrongInfoType() throws Exception {

        // Given
        byte[] buffer = new byte[15]; // Too small for 16-byte structure
        SMBUtil.writeInt2(16, buffer, 0);

        // When & Then
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            response.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        });
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle offset exceeding buffer")
    void testOffsetExceedsBuffer() {

    void encodeThrowsWhenDestinationTooSmall() {
        byte[] src = makeSeq(5);
        Encodable enc = new ByteEncodable(src, 0, 5);
        byte[] dst = new byte[4]; // too small

        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> enc.encode(dst, 0),
                "System.arraycopy should throw for insufficient destination space");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode() throws when dstIndex causes overflow")