final long start = System.nanoTime();
        controller.delayAtNoUrlInQueue();
        final long elapsed = (System.nanoTime() - start) / 1000000;

        assertTrue("Expected at least 500ms delay", elapsed >= 450); // default is 500ms
    }

    /**
     * Test delayForWaitingNewUrl with default delay
     */
    public void test_delayForWaitingNewUrl_defaultDelay() {

    }

    @Test
    public void testHandleInfoExpiration() {
        // Test durable handle expiration
        HandleInfo durableInfo = new HandleInfo("/test/file.txt", testGuid, testFileId, HandleType.DURABLE_V2, 100, // 100ms timeout
                null);

        assertFalse(durableInfo.isExpired());

        // Wait for expiration
        try {
            Thread.sleep(150);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {

    public void testReconnectExpiredHandle() throws Exception {
        // Create an expired handle
        HandleInfo expiredHandle = new HandleInfo("/test/file.txt", new HandleGuid(), new byte[16], HandleType.DURABLE_V2, 100, // 100ms timeout
                null);

        // Wait for expiration
        Thread.sleep(150);

        CompletableFuture<HandleInfo> future = reconnector.reconnectHandle(expiredHandle, new IOException("Network error"));

    runner.close();
    runner.clean();
}
```

### Testing Best Practices

- Minimize `Thread.sleep()` - use only when absolutely necessary
- For timestamp tests: use minimal delays (50-100ms)
- Clean only test-specific indices (not `_all` unless needed)
- Use `runner.refresh()` after index operations
- Test with realistic multilingual content

### Key Test Classes

        assertTrue(info.isReconnecting());
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetHandleForReconnectExpired() {
        manager.requestDurableHandle("/test/file.txt", HandleType.DURABLE_V2, 100, // 100ms timeout
                null);

        // Wait for expiration
        try {
            Thread.sleep(150);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            Thread.currentThread().interrupt();

        assertTrue(entry.hasChanges());
        assertTrue(entry.getChildren().isEmpty());
    }

    @Test
    public void testExpiration() {
        // Set a very short max age
        entry.setMaxAge(100); // 100ms

        assertFalse(entry.isExpired());
        assertFalse(entry.needsRefresh());

        // Wait for expiration
        try {
            Thread.sleep(150);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {

        final long start2 = System.nanoTime();
        controller.delayBeforeProcessing();
        final long elapsed2 = (System.nanoTime() - start2) / 1000000;
        assertTrue("Second access should delay at least 100ms", elapsed2 >= 90);
    }

    /**
     * Test that cache is thread-safe with concurrent access
     */
    public void test_cacheThreadSafety() {
        final int numTasks = 50;

        assertEquals(2, response2.getNum());

        // Sleep only until next second to ensure unique index name (typically <100ms)
        long currentMillis = System.currentTimeMillis();
        long millisUntilNextSecond = 1000 - (currentMillis % 1000);
        Thread.sleep(millisUntilNextSecond + 10); // +10ms buffer
        suggester.createNextIndex();
        SuggestItem[] items2 = getItemSet2();

        suggester.refresh();

        long oldWordsCount = suggester.getAllWordsNum();
        assertTrue(oldWordsCount > 0);

        // Minimal sleep to ensure timestamp separation (reduced from 2000ms to 100ms total)
        Thread.sleep(50);
        ZonedDateTime threshold = ZonedDateTime.now();
        Thread.sleep(50);

        // Index new data after threshold
        document = new HashMap<>();

    private final Queue<WitnessNotification> pendingNotifications;
    private final ScheduledExecutorService scheduler;
    private final int batchSize = 10;
    private final long batchTimeout = 100;  // 100ms
    
    public void addNotification(WitnessNotification notification) {
        synchronized (pendingNotifications) {
            pendingNotifications.offer(notification);