int i = 0;

    // This loop optimizes for pure ASCII.
    while (i < utf16Length && sequence.charAt(i) < 0x80) {
      i++;
    }

    // This loop optimizes for chars less than 0x800.
    for (; i < utf16Length; i++) {
      char c = sequence.charAt(i);
      if (c < 0x800) {
        utf8Length += ((0x7f - c) >>> 31); // branch free!
      } else {
        utf8Length += encodedLengthGeneral(sequence, i);

   *
   * @see MaxCodePoint#decode
   */
  @Param({"0x80", "0x90", "0x100", "0x800", "0x10000", "0x10ffff"})
  MaxCodePoint maxCodePoint;

  @Param({"16384"})
  int charCount;

  @Param({"MURMUR3_32", "MURMUR3_128", "SHA1"})
  HashFunctionEnum hashFunctionEnum;

  private String[] strings;

  static final int SAMPLES = 0x100;
  static final int SAMPLE_MASK = 0xFF;

  /**

   *
   * @see MaxCodePoint#decode
   */
  @Param({"0x80", "0x90", "0x100", "0x800", "0x10000", "0x10ffff"})
  MaxCodePoint maxCodePoint;

  @Param({"16384"})
  int charCount;

  @Param({"MURMUR3_32", "MURMUR3_128", "SHA1"})
  HashFunctionEnum hashFunctionEnum;

  private String[] strings;

  static final int SAMPLES = 0x100;
  static final int SAMPLE_MASK = 0xFF;

  /**

    return ((0xFL << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18))
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))) << 8)
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))) << 16)
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & codePoint)) << 24);
  }

  private static long charToThreeUtf8Bytes(char c) {
    return ((0x7L << 5) | (c >>> 12))
        | ((0x80 | (0x3F & (c >>> 6))) << 8)
        | ((0x80 | (0x3F & c)) << 16);
  }

    Random rng = new Random(0);
    for (int z = 0; z < 100; z++) {
      int[] codePoints = new int[rng.nextInt(8)];
      for (int i = 0; i < codePoints.length; i++) {
        do {
          codePoints[i] = rng.nextInt(0x800);
        } while (!Character.isValidCodePoint(codePoints[i])
            || (codePoints[i] >= Character.MIN_SURROGATE
                && codePoints[i] <= Character.MAX_SURROGATE));
      }

	// but these seem to be the values agreed on by tools.
	s_IFMT   = 0xf000
	s_IFSOCK = 0xc000
	s_IFLNK  = 0xa000
	s_IFREG  = 0x8000
	s_IFBLK  = 0x6000
	s_IFDIR  = 0x4000
	s_IFCHR  = 0x2000
	s_IFIFO  = 0x1000
	s_ISUID  = 0x800
	s_ISGID  = 0x400
	s_ISVTX  = 0x200

	msdosDir      = 0x10
	msdosReadOnly = 0x01
)

// Mode returns the permission and mode bits for the [FileHeader].

	utf8Valid1, utf8Require1 := detectUTF8(fh.Name)
	utf8Valid2, utf8Require2 := detectUTF8(fh.Comment)
	switch {
	case fh.NonUTF8:
		fh.Flags &^= 0x800
	case (utf8Require1 || utf8Require2) && (utf8Valid1 && utf8Valid2):
		fh.Flags |= 0x800
	}

	fh.CreatorVersion = fh.CreatorVersion&0xff00 | zipVersion20 // preserve compatibility byte
	fh.ReaderVersion = zipVersion20

		// Some ZIP writers use UTF-8 encoding without setting the UTF-8 flag.
		// Since it is impossible to always distinguish valid UTF-8 from some
		// other encoding (e.g., GBK or Shift-JIS), we trust the flag.
		f.NonUTF8 = f.Flags&0x800 == 0
	}

	needUSize := f.UncompressedSize == ^uint32(0)
	needCSize := f.CompressedSize == ^uint32(0)
	needHeaderOffset := f.headerOffset == int64(^uint32(0))

	// Best effort to find what we need.

        new byte[] {
          0x01, (byte) 0xc0, 0x00, 0x00,
          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
          0x14, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
          0x00, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00,
          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x14,
          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x18,
          0x28, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
          0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
          0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00

	data := []byte{
		0x50, 0x4b, 0x03, 0x04, 0x14, 0x00, 0x08, 0x00,
		0x00, 0x00, 0x6b, 0xb4, 0xba, 0x46, 0x00, 0x00,
		0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
		0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00, 0xca, 0x64,
		0x55, 0x75, 0x78, 0x0b, 0x00, 0x50, 0x4b, 0x05,
		0x06, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x01,
		0x00, 0x49, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x44, 0x00, 0x00,
		0x00, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x0a,