byte[] signingKey2 = Smb3KeyDerivation.deriveSigningKey(dialect, sessionKey, preauthIntegrity);

        // Then - should produce identical results
        assertArrayEquals(signingKey1, signingKey2, "Same input should produce same output");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle empty session key")
    void testDeriveKeys_EmptySessionKey() {
        // Given

        hmac.engineUpdate(TEST_DATA, 0, TEST_DATA.length);
        byte[] result2 = hmac.engineDigest();

        // Should produce the same result
        assertArrayEquals(result1, result2);
    }

    @Test
    void testDifferentKeysProduceDifferentResults() {
        // Test that different keys produce different results
        byte[] key1 = "key1".getBytes();
        byte[] key2 = "key2".getBytes();

            if (input == null || input.isEmpty()) {
                assertEquals(0, result.length, "Null or empty input should produce empty array");
            } else {
                assertTrue(result.length > 0, "Non-empty input should produce non-empty array");
            }
        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Unicode and ASCII Encoding")
    class UnicodeAndASCIITests {

        // Assert
        assertArrayEquals(expected, actual, "NT hash must match known test vector");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("getNTHash: verify different passwords produce different hashes")
    void testGetNTHash_differentPasswords() {
        // Arrange
        String password1 = "password";
        String password2 = "Password";

        // Act

            when(dc.toString()).thenReturn("DC");

            NtlmChallenge nc = new NtlmChallenge(challenge, dc);
            String result = nc.toString();

            // With size = 6 * 2 = 12, should produce "000F107F80FF"
            assertTrue(result.contains("000F107F80FF"));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Large challenge array is handled correctly")
        void testLargeChallengeArray() {

        MessageDigest hmac = Crypto.getHMACT64(key);
        byte[] result = hmac.digest(data);

        // Then
        assertNotNull(result);
        assertTrue(result.length > 0, "HMAC-T64 should produce non-empty result");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should perform RC4 encryption/decryption")
    void testRC4() throws Exception {
        // Given
        byte[] key = "testkey123456789".getBytes(); // 16 bytes

import org.opensearch.core.common.Strings;
import org.opensearch.transport.client.Client;

/**
 * Abstract class representing a request that can be executed to produce a response.
 *
 * @param <T> the type of response produced by this request
 */
public abstract class Request<T extends Response> {
    /**
     * Constructs a new request.
     */
    public Request() {
        // nothing
    }

        final ExtractData result = textExtractor.getText(in, null);

        assertNotNull(result);
        assertNotNull(result.getContent());
        assertTrue("Empty input should produce empty content", result.getContent().isEmpty());
    }

    /**
     * Test extraction with large text content.
     */
    public void test_getText_largeContent_extractsSuccessfully() {

        byte[] encrypted2 = storage.encryptCredentials(plaintext.clone());

        // Should produce different ciphertexts due to random IV
        assertFalse(Arrays.equals(encrypted1, encrypted2), "Different encryptions should produce different ciphertexts");

        // But both should decrypt to same plaintext
        char[] decrypted1 = storage.decryptCredentials(encrypted1);

        String msg = "\u00A1\u00A2"; // same Unicode string
        byte[] asciiBytes = msg.getBytes(SmbConstants.DEFAULT_OEM_ENCODING);
        assertTrue(asciiBytes.length > 0, "ASCII encoding should produce bytes");
    }

    @Test
    public void testBufferCreation() throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
        byte[] dataBytes = { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
        String params = "test";