sqlalchemy_safe=sqlalchemy_safe,
        )
    if isinstance(obj, Enum):
        return obj.value
    if isinstance(obj, PurePath):
        return str(obj)
    if isinstance(obj, (str, int, float, type(None))):
        return obj
    if isinstance(obj, PydanticUndefinedType):
        return None
    if isinstance(obj, dict):
        encoded_dict = {}
        allowed_keys = set(obj.keys())

    for item in items:
        if isinstance(item, str):
            resolve_file(item=item, files=files, config=config)
        elif isinstance(item, dict):
            assert len(item) == 1
            values = list(item.values())
            if not values:
                continue
            if isinstance(values[0], str):
                resolve_file(item=values[0], files=files, config=config)

    callback_flat_models: list[ModelField] = []
    for route in routes:
        if getattr(route, "include_in_schema", None) and isinstance(
            route, routing.APIRoute
        ):
            if route.body_field:
                assert isinstance(route.body_field, ModelField), (
                    "A request body must be a Pydantic Field"
                )

    alias = alias or get_validation_alias(field)
    if is_sequence_field(field) and isinstance(values, (ImmutableMultiDict, Headers)):
        value = values.getlist(alias)
    else:
        value = values.get(alias, None)
    if (
        value is None
        or (
            isinstance(field.field_info, params.Form)
            and isinstance(value, str)  # For type checks
            and value == ""
        )

    field = v2.ModelField(name="items", field_info=field_info)
    result = v2.serialize_sequence_value(field=field, value=["a", "b", "c"])
    assert result == ["a", "b", "c"]
    assert isinstance(result, list)


@needs_py310
def test_serialize_sequence_value_with_optional_list_pipe_union():
    """Test that serialize_sequence_value handles optional lists correctly (with new syntax)."""

class CoreUtils {

    public static <T> T cast(Class<T> clazz, Object o, String name) {
        if (!clazz.isInstance(o)) {
            if (o == null) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException(name + " is null");
            }
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(name + " is not an instance of " + clazz.getName());
        }
        return clazz.cast(o);
    }

            value = schema["$ref"]
            if isinstance(value, str):
                ref_name = schema["$ref"].split("/")[-1]
                if ref_name in old_name_to_new_name_map:
                    new_name = old_name_to_new_name_map[ref_name]
                    new_schema["$ref"] = REF_TEMPLATE.format(model=new_name)
            continue
        if isinstance(value, dict):
            new_schema[key] = _replace_refs(

        assertTrue(SessionSetupHandler.class.isAssignableFrom(impl.getClass()), "Type should be assignable");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Edge: null is not an instance of the interface")
    void testNullIsNotInstance() {
        // Assert
        assertFalse(SessionSetupHandler.class.isInstance(null));
    }

    @Test

        if (
            key in main_dict
            and isinstance(main_dict[key], dict)
            and isinstance(value, dict)
        ):
            deep_dict_update(main_dict[key], value)
        elif (
            key in main_dict
            and isinstance(main_dict[key], list)
            and isinstance(update_dict[key], list)
        ):

def lenient_issubclass(
    cls: Any, class_or_tuple: Union[type[Any], tuple[type[Any], ...], None]
) -> bool:
    try:
        return isinstance(cls, type) and issubclass(cls, class_or_tuple)  # type: ignore[arg-type]
    except TypeError:  # pragma: no cover
        if isinstance(cls, WithArgsTypes):
            return False
        raise  # pragma: no cover