protected void validateNonce(final StateData stateData, final IAuthenticationResult authData) {
        final String idToken = authData.idToken();
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("idToken={}", idToken);
        }
        try {
            final JWTClaimsSet claimsSet = JWTParser.parse(idToken).getJWTClaimsSet();
            if (claimsSet == null) {

1. The id_token is an identifier that is hard to guess. For example, a randomly generated string of sufficient length, that the server handling the protected resource can use to lookup the associated authorization information.

- The redirection URI (callback handler) receives the OAuth2 callback, verifies the state parameter, and obtains a Token.
- Using the id_token the callback handler further talks to Google OAuth2 Token URL to obtain an JWT id_token.
- Once obtained the JWT id_token is further sent to STS endpoint i.e MinIO to retrieve temporary credentials.
- Temporary credentials are displayed on the browser upon successful retrieval.

	flag.IntVar(&port, "port", 8080, "Port")
}

func implicitFlowURL(c oauth2.Config, state string) string {
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	buf.WriteString(c.Endpoint.AuthURL)
	v := url.Values{
		"response_type": {"id_token"},
		"response_mode": {"form_post"},
		"client_id":     {c.ClientID},
	}
	if c.RedirectURL != "" {
		v.Set("redirect_uri", c.RedirectURL)
	}
	if len(c.Scopes) > 0 {

>
> - [**AssumeRole**](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/sts/assume-role.md)
> - [**AD/LDAP**](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/sts/ldap.md)

time="2020-07-12T20:45:50Z" level=info msg="config connector: mock"
time="2020-07-12T20:45:50Z" level=info msg="config connector: local passwords enabled"
time="2020-07-12T20:45:50Z" level=info msg="config response types accepted: [code token id_token]"
time="2020-07-12T20:45:50Z" level=info msg="config using password grant connector: local"
time="2020-07-12T20:45:50Z" level=info msg="config signing keys expire after: 3h0m0s"

package provider

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"net/url"
	"path"
	"strings"
	"sync"
)

// Token - parses the output from IDP id_token.
type Token struct {
	AccessToken string `json:"access_token"`
	Expiry      int    `json:"expires_in"`
}

// KeycloakProvider implements Provider interface for KeyCloak Identity Provider.

```

### Using WebIdentiy API

On another terminal run `web-identity.go` a sample client application which obtains JWT id_tokens from an identity provider, in our case its Keycloak. Uses the returned id_token response to get new temporary credentials from the MinIO server using the STS API call `AssumeRoleWithWebIdentity`.

```

	// code, which we now have in `lastReq`. Exchange it for a JWT id_token.
	q := lastReq.URL.Query()
	// fmt.Printf("lastReq.URL: %#v q: %#v\n", lastReq.URL, q)
	code := q.Get("code")
	oauth2Token, err := oauth2Config.Exchange(ctx, code)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("unable to exchange code for id token: %v", err)
	}

	rawIDToken, ok := oauth2Token.Extra("id_token").(string)
	if !ok {

	}

	claims["exp"] = time.Now().UTC().Add(defaultExpiryDuration).Unix() // update with new expiry.
	return nil
}

const (
	audClaim = "aud"
	azpClaim = "azp"
)

// Validate - validates the id_token.
func (r *Config) Validate(ctx context.Context, arn arn.ARN, token, accessToken, dsecs string, claims map[string]any) error {
	jp := new(jwtgo.Parser)
	jp.ValidMethods = []string{
		"RS256", "RS384", "RS512",