*
     * @param repositories the list of repositories to validate, may be {@code null}
     * @return the same list if validation passes, or {@code null} if input was {@code null}
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the list contains duplicate repositories
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the list contains null repository entries
     */
    default List<RemoteRepository> validate(List<RemoteRepository> repositories) {

     */
    protected boolean isFileSystemPath(final String url) {
        return ComponentUtil.getProtocolHelper().isFileSystemPath(url);
    }

    /**
     * Validates if the URL is safe for redirection.
     *
     * @param url the URL to validate
     * @return true if the URL is valid for redirection, false otherwise
     */
    protected boolean isValidRedirectUrl(final String url) {

     */
    public void setEnableValidation(final boolean enableValidation) {
        this.enableValidation = enableValidation;
    }

    /**
     * Validates a URL length according to sitemap specification.
     * @param url the URL to validate
     * @return true if valid, false otherwise
     */
    protected boolean isValidUrl(final String url) {
        if (url == null || url.isEmpty()) {

        form.password = null;
        form.confirmPassword = null;
    }

    /**
     * Validates LDAP user attribute types using the configured LDAP manager.
     *
     * @param attributes the map of attributes to validate
     * @param throwError callback to report any validation errors
     */

     * Reloads the document index by closing and reopening it.
     *
     * @param form the action form (validated but not used for configuration)
     * @return HTML response redirecting to the maintenance page
     */
    @Execute
    @Secured({ ROLE })
    public HtmlResponse reloadDocIndex(final ActionForm form) {
        validate(form, messages -> {}, this::asIndexHtml);
        verifyToken(this::asIndexHtml);

        return normalizedPath.startsWith(normalizedBase);
    }

    /**
     * Validates that a given file is safe and does not attempt path traversal attacks.
     * <p>
     * This is a convenience method that converts File objects to Path and calls
     * {@link #isPathSafe(Path, Path)}.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param fileToCheck the file to validate (must not be {@literal null})

    //                                                                        ============

    /**
     * Validates group attributes using LDAP manager.
     *
     * @param attributes the attributes to validate
     * @param throwError the error handler
     */

* Validate **complex structures**:
    * Use of hierarchical Pydantic models, Python `typing`’s `List` and `Dict`, etc.
    * And validators allow complex data schemas to be clearly and easily defined, checked and documented as JSON Schema.
    * You can have deeply **nested JSON** objects and have them all validated and annotated.
* **Extensible**:

And then in our code, we parse that YAML content directly, and then we are again using the same Pydantic model to validate the YAML content:

{* ../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial007_py39.py hl[24:31] *}

/// tip

Here we reuse the same Pydantic model.

But the same way, we could have validated it in some other way.

    //                                                                           =========
    /**
     * Validates document fields according to index field requirements.
     *
     * @param doc the document to validate
     * @param throwError consumer to handle validation errors
     */