*            sqrtFloor^2 <= x < (sqrtFloor + 1)^2
         * halfSquare - sqrtFloor <= x < halfSquare + sqrtFloor + 1
         * so |x - halfSquare| <= sqrtFloor.  Therefore, it's safe to treat x - halfSquare as a
         * signed long, so lessThanBranchFree is safe for use.
         */
        return sqrtFloor + lessThanBranchFree(halfSquare, x);
    }
    throw new AssertionError();