There are some scenarios where you might want to override a dependency during testing.

You don't want the original dependency to run (nor any of the sub-dependencies it might have).

Instead, you want to provide a different dependency that will be used only during tests (possibly only some specific tests), and will provide a value that can be used where the value of the original dependency was used.

### Use cases: external service { #use-cases-external-service }

        data[0] = 99;
        assertFalse(original.equals(copy), "After mutation, original should not equal previous clone");

        // Ensure arrays are independent: mutate clone's buffer via getter
        copy.get()[1] = 77;
        assertNotEquals(original.toString(), copy.toString(), "Mutating clone should not affect original");
    }

     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 42, 255, -1, 128 })
    void encodeDecodeRoundTrip(int original) throws Exception {
        // The constructor masks to 0xFF (8 bits)
        int expected = original & 0xFF;
        NdrShort ns = new NdrShort(original);
        buf.reset();
        ns.encode(buf); // should not throw

        // After encoding, check how many bytes were used

        // Verify it returns a clone, not the original
        password[0] = 'X';
        char[] password2 = authenticator.getPasswordAsCharArray();
        assertNotEquals(password[0], password2[0], "Should return a clone, not the original");
    }

    @Test
    public void testPasswordConstructorWithCharArray() {

    assertSame(Ordering.natural(), copy.comparator());
  }

  public void testCopyOf() {
    Map<String, Integer> original = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    original.put("one", 1);
    original.put("two", 2);
    original.put("three", 3);

    ImmutableSortedMap<String, Integer> copy = ImmutableSortedMap.copyOf(original);
    assertMapEquals(copy, "one", 1, "three", 3, "two", 2);
    assertSame(copy, ImmutableSortedMap.copyOf(copy));

  static <E> Set<E> reserializeAndAssertLenient(Set<E> original) {
    Set<E> copy = reserialize(original);
    assertEquals(original, copy);
    assertTrue(copy instanceof ImmutableSet);
    return copy;
  }

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @GwtIncompatible // SerializableTester
  static <E> Multiset<E> reserializeAndAssertLenient(Multiset<E> original) {
    Multiset<E> copy = reserialize(original);
    assertEquals(original, copy);

        NtlmPasswordAuthenticator original = new NtlmPasswordAuthenticator("DOMAIN", "testuser", testPassword);

        NtlmPasswordAuthenticator cloned = original.clone();

        // Verify cloned values
        assertEquals(original.getUserDomain(), cloned.getUserDomain());
        assertEquals(original.getUsername(), cloned.getUsername());
        assertEquals(original.getPassword(), cloned.getPassword());

        SmbOperationException original = new SmbOperationException(SmbOperationException.ErrorCode.CONNECTION_TIMEOUT, "Timeout");
        original.withContext("attempt", 1);

        // When
        SmbOperationException retry = SmbOperationException.forRetry(original, 2);

        // Then
        assertEquals(original.getErrorCode(), retry.getErrorCode());
        assertEquals(original.getMessage(), retry.getMessage());

        ? ((TransposeTable<R, C, V>) table).original
        : new TransposeTable<C, R, V>(table);
  }

  private static final class TransposeTable<
          C extends @Nullable Object, R extends @Nullable Object, V extends @Nullable Object>
      extends AbstractTable<C, R, V> {
    final Table<R, C, V> original;

    TransposeTable(Table<R, C, V> original) {
      this.original = checkNotNull(original);
    }

        try {
            String result = SystemUtil.getSearchEngineHttpAddress();
            assertNull(result);
        } finally {
            // Restore original value if it existed
            if (originalValue != null) {
                System.setProperty(Constants.FESS_SEARCH_ENGINE_HTTP_ADDRESS, originalValue);
            }
        }
    }