assertTrue(activeStatuses.contains(CrawlerStatus.RUNNING));
        assertFalse(activeStatuses.contains(CrawlerStatus.DONE));

        // Create empty EnumSet
        EnumSet<CrawlerStatus> emptySet = EnumSet.noneOf(CrawlerStatus.class);
        assertEquals(0, emptySet.size());

        // Create EnumSet with range
        EnumSet<CrawlerStatus> rangeSet = EnumSet.range(CrawlerStatus.INITIALIZING, CrawlerStatus.RUNNING);

            throws CIFSException {
        return send((CommonServerMessageBlockRequest) request, request.getResponse(),
                params != null && params.length > 0 ? EnumSet.copyOf(Arrays.asList(params)) : EnumSet.noneOf(RequestParam.class));
    }

    <T extends CommonServerMessageBlockResponse> T send(final CommonServerMessageBlockRequest request, final T response)
            throws CIFSException {

            final T response, final RequestParam... params) throws CIFSException {
        return send(loc, request, response,
                params.length == 0 ? EnumSet.noneOf(RequestParam.class) : EnumSet.copyOf(Arrays.asList(params)));
    }

    <T extends CommonServerMessageBlockResponse> T send(final SmbResourceLocatorImpl loc, final CommonServerMessageBlockRequest request,

We had this type annotation:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

////

What we will do is wrap that with `Annotated`, so it becomes:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python
q: Annotated[str | None] = None
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

Your response model could have default values, like:

{* ../../docs_src/response_model/tutorial004_py310.py hl[9,11:12] *}

* `description: Union[str, None] = None` (or `str | None = None` in Python 3.10) has a default of `None`.
* `tax: float = 10.5` has a default of `10.5`.
* `tags: List[str] = []` has a default of an empty list: `[]`.

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    price: float
    is_offer: Union[bool, None] = None


@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
def read_item(item_id: int, q: Union[str, None] = None):
    return {"item_id": item_id, "q": q}


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

As, by default, singular values are interpreted as query parameters, you don't have to explicitly add a `Query`, you can just do:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Or in Python 3.10 and above:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

For example:

{* ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py hl[28] *}


/// info

                "aaa");
        assertQueryBuilder(MatchPhraseQueryBuilder.class,
                "{\"match_phrase\":{\"title\":{\"query\":\"aaa\",\"slop\":0,\"zero_terms_query\":\"NONE\",\"boost\":1.0}}}", //

## Optionale Parameter

Auf die gleiche Weise können Sie optionale Query-Parameter deklarieren, indem Sie deren Defaultwert auf `None` setzen:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial002_py310.py hl[7] *}

In diesem Fall wird der Funktionsparameter `q` optional, und standardmäßig `None` sein.

/// check