Random rnd = new Random(714958103);
    for (int trial = 0; trial < 100; trial++) {
      byte[] left = new byte[1 + rnd.nextInt(32)];
      rnd.nextBytes(left);
      byte[] right = left.clone();
      assertThat(comparator1.compare(left, right)).isEqualTo(0);
      assertThat(comparator2.compare(left, right)).isEqualTo(0);
      int i = rnd.nextInt(left.length);

    // total overkill, but, it takes 0.1 sec so why not...
    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
      int num = r.nextInt();
      assertThat(Ints.fromByteArray(Ints.toByteArray(num))).isEqualTo(num);

      r.nextBytes(b);
      assertThat(Ints.toByteArray(Ints.fromByteArray(b))).isEqualTo(b);
    }
  }

  public void testEnsureCapacity() {
    assertThat(Ints.ensureCapacity(EMPTY, 0, 1)).isSameInstanceAs(EMPTY);

    for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
      short num = (short) r.nextInt();
      assertThat(Shorts.fromByteArray(Shorts.toByteArray(num))).isEqualTo(num);

      r.nextBytes(b);
      assertThat(Shorts.toByteArray(Shorts.fromByteArray(b))).isEqualTo(b);
    }
  }

  public void testEnsureCapacity() {
    assertThat(Shorts.ensureCapacity(EMPTY, 0, 1)).isSameInstanceAs(EMPTY);

     */
    public void testEncodeDecode_RoundTrip() throws Exception {
        // Test with ASCII text
        final String text = "Hello, World!";
        final byte[] textBytes = text.getBytes("UTF-8");
        final String encoded = Base64Util.encode(textBytes);
        final byte[] decoded = Base64Util.decode(encoded);
        assertEquals("Round trip should preserve data", text, new String(decoded, "UTF-8"));