}

  /** Identifies just tryEnterXxx methods (a subset of {@link #isAnyEnter}), which never block. */
  private static boolean isTryEnter(Method method) {
    return method.getName().startsWith("tryEnter");
  }

  /**
   * Identifies just enterIfXxx methods (a subset of {@link #isAnyEnter}), which are mostly like the

Do you want to just have a `str`? Or just a `dict`? Or a database class model instance directly? It all works the same way.

You actually don't have users that log in to your application but robots, bots, or other systems, that have just an access token? Again, it all works the same.

import com.google.caliper.Param;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;

/**
 * Benchmarks for {@link Monitor}.
 *
 * @author Justin T. Sampson
 */
@NullUnmarked
public class MonitorBenchmark {

  @Param({"10", "100", "1000"})
  int capacity;

  @Param({"Array", "Priority"})
  String queueType;

  @Param boolean useMonitor;

This example doesn't implement the callback itself (that could be just a line of code), only the documentation part.

/// tip

The actual callback is just an HTTP request.

            bufferIndex += byteCount;
        }

        /*
         * if there is an andx and it itself is an andx then just recur by
         * calling this method for it. otherwise just read it's parameter words
         * and bytes as usual. Note how we can't just call andx.readWireFormat
         * because there's no header.
         */

        if (errorCode != 0 || andxCommand == (byte) 0xFF) {

Each "scope" is just a string (without spaces).

They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example:

* `users:read` or `users:write` are common examples.
* `instagram_basic` is used by Facebook / Instagram.
* `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive` is used by Google.

/// info

In OAuth2 a "scope" is just a string that declares a specific permission required.

For that, use the standard Python `typing.List` (or just `list` in Python 3.9 and above):

{* ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py hl[18] *}


## Response with arbitrary `dict` { #response-with-arbitrary-dict }

You can also declare a response using a plain arbitrary `dict`, declaring just the type of the keys and values, without using a Pydantic model.

///

/// note | Technical Details

You could also use `from starlette.testclient import TestClient`.

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.testclient` as `fastapi.testclient` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But it comes directly from Starlette.

///

/// tip

Each "scope" is just a string (without spaces).

They are normally used to declare specific security permissions, for example:

* `users:read` or `users:write` are common examples.
* `instagram_basic` is used by Facebook / Instagram.
* `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive` is used by Google.

/// info

In OAuth2 a "scope" is just a string that declares a specific permission required.

![ReDoc](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/index/index-06-redoc-02.png)

### Just Modern Python { #just-modern-python }

It's all based on standard **Python type** declarations (thanks to Pydantic). No new syntax to learn. Just standard modern Python.