// (1) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 80
  // (2) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 81
  // (3) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 ff (or anything in between)
  // A fault implementation will generate collisions for these inputs.
  public void testCollisionsDueToIncorrectSignExtension() {
    byte[] col1 = new byte[] {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, (byte) 0x80};

  // (1) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 80
  // (2) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 81
  // (3) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 ff (or anything in between)
  // A fault implementation will generate collisions for these inputs.
  public void testCollisionsDueToIncorrectSignExtension() {
    byte[] col1 = new byte[] {0x00, 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, (byte) 0x80};

        if (!components.get(i).apply(t)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      // add a random number to avoid collisions with OrPredicate
      return components.hashCode() + 0x12472c2c;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof AndPredicate) {

```

To learn more about Python Packages and Modules, read [the official Python documentation about Modules](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html).

///

### Avoid name collisions { #avoid-name-collisions }

We are importing the submodule `items` directly, instead of importing just its variable `router`.

This is because we also have another variable named `router` in the submodule `users`.

        if (!components.get(i).apply(t)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      // add a random number to avoid collisions with OrPredicate
      return components.hashCode() + 0x12472c2c;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
      if (obj instanceof AndPredicate) {

        excludedPackages.add("org.gradle.plugins.ide.idea.model");
        excludedPackages.add("org.gradle.api.tasks.testing.logging");

        // TODO - rename some incubating types to remove collisions and then remove these exclusions
        excludedPackages.add("org.gradle.plugins.binaries.model");

        // Exclude classes that were moved in a different package but the deprecated ones are not removed yet

Using these ideas, JWT can be used for way more sophisticated scenarios.

In those cases, several of those entities could have the same ID, let's say `foo` (a user `foo`, a car `foo`, and a blog post `foo`).

So, to avoid ID collisions, when creating the JWT token for the user, you could prefix the value of the `sub` key, e.g. with `username:`. So, in this example, the value of `sub` could have been: `username:johndoe`.

#include "tensorflow/core/platform/errors.h"

namespace tensorflow {
namespace gradients {
namespace {

// TODO(b/172558015): Using the pointer address as the identifier for the tensor
// may lead to collisions. Introduce another way to get a unique id for this
// tensor.
int64_t ToId(const AbstractTensorHandle* t) {
  return static_cast<int64_t>(reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(t));
}

第二个版本是「绝对导入」：

```Python
from app.routers import items, users
```

要了解有关 Python 包和模块的更多信息，请查阅[关于 Modules 的 Python 官方文档](https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/modules.html)。

///

### 避免名称冲突 { #avoid-name-collisions }

我们将直接导入 `items` 子模块，而不是仅导入其 `router` 变量。

这是因为我们在 `users` 子模块中也有另一个名为 `router` 的变量。

如果我们一个接一个地导入，例如：

```Python
from .routers.items import router
from .routers.users import router
```

    }

    Ordering<Object> arbitrary =
        new ArbitraryOrdering() {
          @Override
          int identityHashCode(Object object) {
            return ((Integer) object) % 5; // fake tons of collisions!
          }
        };

    // Don't let the elements be in such a predictable order
    list = shuffledCopy(list, new Random(1));

    sort(list, arbitrary);