assertEquals(expected, ldapManager.escapeLDAPSearchFilter(input));
    }

    // ========================================================================
    // Tests for Defensive Null/Blank Checks
    // ========================================================================

    @Test
    public void test_getSAMAccountGroupName_withNullBindDn() {
        LdapManager ldapManager = new LdapManager();

        // Verify
        assertTrue(result.isPresent());
        assertEquals(Locale.UK, result.get());
    }

    // Test findBusinessLocale with blank parameter name
    @Test
    public void test_findBusinessLocale_withBlankParameterName() {
        // Setup mock config with blank parameter name
        FessConfig mockConfig = new FessConfig.SimpleImpl() {
            @Override

        chars[0] = Character.toUpperCase(chars[0]);
        return new String(chars);
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if the string is blank.
     *
     * @param str
     *            the string to check
     * @return {@literal true} if the string is blank
     */
    public static boolean isBlank(final String str) {
        if (str == null || str.length() == 0) {
            return true;
        }

            action.validateFilePath("");
            fail("Expected IllegalArgumentException");
        } catch (final IllegalArgumentException e) {
            assertTrue("Error message should indicate blank path: " + e.getMessage(), e.getMessage().contains("blank"));
        }
    }

    // ===================================================================================

        // Test empty string (should be valid)
        bean.setCronExpression("");
        violations = validator.validate(bean);
        assertTrue(violations.isEmpty());

        // Test blank string (should be valid)
        bean.setCronExpression("   ");
        violations = validator.validate(bean);
        assertTrue(violations.isEmpty());
    }

    // Test validation with invalid cron expressions

        <!-- Parent Model                                                           -->
        <!-- ====================================================================== -->

        <field xdoc.separator="blank">
          <name>parent</name>
          <version>4.0.0+</version>
          <description>The location of the parent project, if one exists. Values from the parent

        // Should return false for any field, not throw exception
        assertFalse(queryFieldConfig.isFacetField("anyfield"));
        assertFalse(queryFieldConfig.isFacetField("category"));
        // Blank check happens before Set lookup
        assertFalse(queryFieldConfig.isFacetField(""));
    }

    /**
     * Test that isSortField correctly handles null sortFieldSet.
     */
    @Test

        // Whitespace-only content should produce empty or filtered items
        // Items with blank words should be filtered
        for (SuggestItem item : items) {
            assertTrue("Items should not have blank text", item.getText().trim().length() > 0);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test_parseDocument_withLanguage() throws Exception {

        responseHeaders = responseHeadersBuilder.build()

        if (url.isHttps) {
          val blank = source.readUtf8LineStrict()
          if (blank.isNotEmpty()) {
            throw IOException("expected \"\" but was \"$blank\"")
          }
          val cipherSuiteString = source.readUtf8LineStrict()
          val cipherSuite = CipherSuite.forJavaName(cipherSuiteString)

        try {
            testHelper.install(artifact);
            fail("Expected PluginException");
        } catch (PluginException e) {
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("url is blank"));
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test_install_nullUrl() {
        PluginHelper testHelper = new PluginHelper();
        Artifact artifact = new Artifact("test", "1.0.0", null);