String message = "SSO login class loading error";
        NoClassDefFoundError error = new NoClassDefFoundError("SSO provider class not found");
        SsoLoginException exception = new SsoLoginException(message, error);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof NoClassDefFoundError);
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof LinkageError);

        String message = "Class loading error during crawling";
        NoClassDefFoundError error = new NoClassDefFoundError("Parser class not found");

        DataStoreCrawlingException exception = new DataStoreCrawlingException(url, message, error);

        assertEquals(url, exception.getUrl());
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof NoClassDefFoundError);
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof LinkageError);

        when {
          // Bump this version if we ever have a binary incompatibility
          Conscrypt.isAvailable() && atLeastVersion(2, 1, 0) -> true

          else -> false
        }
      } catch (e: NoClassDefFoundError) {
        false
      } catch (e: ClassNotFoundException) {
        false
      }

    fun atLeastVersion(
      major: Int,
      minor: Int = 0,
      patch: Int = 0,
    ): Boolean {

        when {
          // Bump this version if we ever have a binary incompatibility
          Conscrypt.isAvailable() && atLeastVersion(2, 1, 0) -> true

          else -> false
        }
      } catch (e: NoClassDefFoundError) {
        false
      } catch (e: ClassNotFoundException) {
        false
      }

    fun buildIfSupported(): ConscryptPlatform? = if (isSupported) ConscryptPlatform() else null

    for (ClassPath.ClassInfo classInfo :
        ClassPath.from(getClass().getClassLoader()).getTopLevelClasses(packageName)) {
      Class<?> cls;
      try {
        cls = classInfo.load();
      } catch (NoClassDefFoundError e) {
        // In case there were linking problems, this is probably not a class we care to test anyway.
        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Cannot load class " + classInfo + ", skipping...", e);
        continue;

    for (ClassPath.ClassInfo classInfo :
        ClassPath.from(getClass().getClassLoader()).getTopLevelClasses(packageName)) {
      Class<?> cls;
      try {
        cls = classInfo.load();
      } catch (NoClassDefFoundError e) {
        // In case there were linking problems, this is probably not a class we care to test anyway.
        logger.log(Level.SEVERE, "Cannot load class " + classInfo + ", skipping...", e);
        continue;

    }

    /**
     * Loads (but doesn't link or initialize) the class.
     *
     * @throws LinkageError when there were errors in loading classes that this class depends on.
     *     For example, {@link NoClassDefFoundError}.
     */
    public Class<?> load() {
      try {
        return loader.loadClass(className);
      } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {