# History, Design and Future { #history-design-and-future }

Some time ago, <a href="https://github.com/fastapi/fastapi/issues/3#issuecomment-454956920" class="external-link" target="_blank">a **FastAPI** user asked</a>:

> What’s the history of this project? It seems to have come from nowhere to awesome in a few weeks [...]

Here's a little bit of that history.

## Alternatives { #alternatives }

 *       Future} is "completed" even if it is cancelled while its underlying work continues on a
 *       thread, an RPC, etc. The {@code Future} is also "completed" if it fails "early" -- for
 *       example, if the deadline expires on a {@code Future} returned from {@link
 *       Futures#withTimeout} while the {@code Future} it wraps continues its underlying work. So

  public static <V extends @Nullable Object> V getUninterruptibly(
      Future<V> future, Duration timeout) throws ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    return getUninterruptibly(future, toNanosSaturated(timeout), TimeUnit.NANOSECONDS);
  }

  /**
   * Invokes {@code future.}{@link Future#get(long, TimeUnit) get(timeout, unit)} uninterruptibly.
   *
   * <p>Similar methods:
   *
   * <ul>

  }

  /**
   * Returns a new {@code Future} whose result is asynchronously derived from the result of this
   * {@code Future}. If the input {@code Future} fails, the returned {@code Future} fails with the
   * same exception (and the function is not invoked).
   *
   * <p>More precisely, the returned {@code Future} takes its result from a {@code Future} produced

    assertThat(future.isDone()).isFalse();
    assertThat(future.set(1)).isTrue();
    assertSuccessful(future, 1);
  }

  public void testSetFutureNull() throws Exception {
    assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> future.setFuture(null));

    assertThat(future.isDone()).isFalse();
    assertThat(future.set(1)).isTrue();

   * completes. Cancelling the supplied future will also cancel the returned future, but cancelling
   * the returned future will have no effect on the supplied future.
   *
   * @since 15.0
   */
  public static <V extends @Nullable Object> ListenableFuture<V> nonCancellationPropagating(
      ListenableFuture<V> future) {
    if (future.isDone()) {
      return future;
    }

  /**
   * Retrieves the result of a {@code Future} known to be done but uses the {@code get(long,
   * TimeUnit)} overload in order to test that method.
   */
  static <V extends @Nullable Object> V getDoneFromTimeoutOverload(Future<V> future)
      throws ExecutionException {
    checkState(future.isDone(), "Future was expected to be done: %s", future);
    try {
      return getUninterruptibly(future, 0, SECONDS);
    } catch (TimeoutException e) {

        if (future.listenersField == expect) {
          future.listenersField = update;
          return true;
        }
        return false;
      }
    }

    @Override
    @Nullable Listener gasListeners(AbstractFutureState<?> future, Listener update) {
      synchronized (future) {
        Listener old = future.listenersField;
        if (old != update) {
          future.listenersField = update;

  static <V extends @Nullable Object, X extends Exception> V getChecked(
      Future<V> future, Class<X> exceptionClass) throws X {
    return getChecked(bestGetCheckedTypeValidator(), future, exceptionClass);
  }

  /** Implementation of {@link Futures#getChecked(Future, Class)}. */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @VisibleForTesting
  @ParametricNullness
  static <V extends @Nullable Object, X extends Exception> V getChecked(

        if (future.listenersField == expect) {
          future.listenersField = update;
          return true;
        }
        return false;
      }
    }

    @Override
    @Nullable Listener gasListeners(AbstractFutureState<?> future, Listener update) {
      synchronized (future) {
        Listener old = future.listenersField;
        if (old != update) {
          future.listenersField = update;