@Test
        @DisplayName("Should handle deeply nested exceptions")
        void testToStringWithNestedExceptions() {
            Exception innermost = new IOException("Innermost exception");
            Exception middle = new RuntimeException("Middle exception", innermost);
            Exception rootCause = new IllegalStateException("Outer exception", middle);

На пути обработки запроса сначала выполняется самое внешнее middleware.

На пути формирования ответа оно выполняется последним.

Например:

```Python
app.add_middleware(MiddlewareA)

When you add multiple middlewares using either `@app.middleware()` decorator or `app.add_middleware()` method, each new middleware wraps the application, forming a stack. The last middleware added is the *outermost*, and the first is the *innermost*.

On the request path, the *outermost* middleware runs first.

On the response path, it runs last.

For example:

```Python
app.add_middleware(MiddlewareA)
app.add_middleware(MiddlewareB)
```

            high--;
          } while (array[high] > partition);
          if (high < low) {
            break; // Pointers crossed. Partitioning complete.
          }
          swap(array, low, high); // End of innermost loop.
        }
        array[from + 1] = array[high]; // Insert partitioning element.
        array[high] = partition;

        // Continue the partition that contains the kth element.
        if (high >= k) {

  @GwtIncompatible
  @Deprecated
  public static RuntimeException propagate(Throwable throwable) {
    throwIfUnchecked(throwable);
    throw new RuntimeException(throwable);
  }

  /**
   * Returns the innermost cause of {@code throwable}. The first throwable in a chain provides
   * context from when the error or exception was initially detected. Example usage:
   *
   * <pre>

    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
      SettableFuture<String> curr = SettableFuture.create();
      prev.setFuture(curr);
      prev = curr;
    }
    // prev represents the 'innermost' future
    prev.set("done");
    assertTrue(orig.isDone());
  }

  // Verify that StackOverflowError in a long chain of SetFuture doesn't cause the entire toString
  // call to fail
  @J2ktIncompatible

    for (int i = 0; i < 100000; i++) {
      SettableFuture<String> curr = SettableFuture.create();
      prev.setFuture(curr);
      prev = curr;
    }
    // prev represents the 'innermost' future
    prev.set("done");
    assertTrue(orig.isDone());
  }

  // Verify that StackOverflowError in a long chain of SetFuture doesn't cause the entire toString
  // call to fail
  @J2ktIncompatible

// that contains a zip file bigger.zip that contains a zip file
// big.zip that contains big.file, which contains 2³²-1 zeros.
// The big.zip file is interesting because it has no zip64 header,
// much like the innermost zip files in the well-known 42.zip.
//
// biggest.zip was generated by changing isZip64 to use > uint32max
// instead of >= uint32max and then running this program:
//
//	package main
//
//	import (

	    (ShortVarDecl for short variable declarations)
	    and ends at the end of the innermost containing block.</li>

	<li>The scope of a type identifier declared inside a function
	    begins at the identifier in the TypeSpec
	    and ends at the end of the innermost containing block.</li>
</ol>

<p>
An identifier declared in a block may be redeclared in an inner block.