ExecutorService executor = newDirectExecutorService();
    assertEquals(ImmutableList.of(), executor.shutdownNow());
    assertTrue(executor.isShutdown());
  }

  public void testExecuteAfterShutdown() {
    ExecutorService executor = newDirectExecutorService();
    executor.shutdown();
    assertThrows(RejectedExecutionException.class, () -> executor.execute(EMPTY_RUNNABLE));
  }