For that you need to access the request directly.

{* ../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001_py39.py hl[1,7:8] *}

By declaring a *path operation function* parameter with the type being the `Request` **FastAPI** will know to pass the `Request` in that parameter.

/// tip

Note that in this case, we are declaring a path parameter beside the request parameter.

    # TODO: in theory this would allow declaring types that could be lists of bytes
    # to be read from files and other types, but I'm not even sure it's a good idea
    # to support it as a first class "feature"
    assert is_bytes_sequence_annotation(Union[list[str], list[bytes]])


def test_is_uploadfile_sequence_annotation():
    # For coverage
    # TODO: in theory this would allow declaring types that could be lists of UploadFile

Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations").

These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.

By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.

## OAuth2 Security scheme { #oauth2-security-scheme }

The first change is that now we are declaring the OAuth2 security scheme with two available scopes, `me` and `items`.

The `scopes` parameter receives a `dict` with each scope as a key and the description as the value:

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial005_an_py310.py hl[63:66] *}

Because we are now declaring those scopes, they will show up in the API docs when you log-in/authorize.

  }

  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // The declaring class is T's raw class, or one of its supertypes.
  @Override
  public final Class<? super T> getDeclaringClass() {
    return (Class<? super T>) member.getDeclaringClass();
  }

  /** Returns the type of {@code T}. */
  // Overridden in TypeToken#method() and TypeToken#constructor()
  @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") // The declaring class is T.
  public TypeToken<T> getOwnerType() {

    if (signArtifacts) {
        // Otherwise we get
        // ask ':tooling-api:publishGradleDistributionPublicationToRemoteRepository' uses this output of task ':tooling-api:signLocalPublication'
        // without declaring an explicit or implicit dependency. This can lead to incorrect results being produced, depending on what order the tasks are executed.
        tasks.named("publishGradleDistributionPublicationToRemoteRepository") {

In some cases you don't really need the return value of a dependency inside your *path operation function*.

Or the dependency doesn't return a value.

But you still need it to be executed/solved.

For those cases, instead of declaring a *path operation function* parameter with `Depends`, you can add a `list` of `dependencies` to the *path operation decorator*.

     * This method will look for a method with same name
     * and signature declared in a public superclass or implemented interface of this
     * method's declaring class. This counterpart method is publicly callable.
     *
     * @param method a method whose publicly callable counterpart is requested.
     * @return the publicly callable counterpart method. Note that if the parameter

    }

    // Helper: reflectively set private/protected field on an object
    private static void setField(Object target, Class<?> declaring, String name, Object value) {
        try {
            Field f = declaring.getDeclaredField(name);
            f.setAccessible(true);
            f.set(target, value);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);

     * @param args the array of objects to be passed as arguments to the constructor invocation
     * @return a new object created by invoking the constructor
     * @throws InstantiationRuntimeException if the class declaring the constructor is abstract
     * @throws IllegalAccessRuntimeException if the number of actual and formal parameters differ, if primitive arguments cannot be converted, or if the class is related to enums