///

And when you return a `Response`, **FastAPI** will pass it directly.

It won't do any data conversion with Pydantic models, it won't convert the contents to any type, etc.

This gives you a lot of **flexibility**. You can return any data type, override any data declaration or validation, etc.

Then, when it's your turn, you do actual "productive" work, you process the menu, decide what you want, get your crush's choice, pay, check that you give the correct bill or card, check that you are charged correctly, check that the order has the correct items, etc.

But then, even though you still don't have your burgers, your work with the cashier is "on pause" ⏸, because you have to wait 🕙 for your burgers to be ready.

### Use cases: external service { #use-cases-external-service }

An example could be that you have an external authentication provider that you need to call.

You send it a token and it returns an authenticated user.

This provider might be charging you per request, and calling it might take some extra time than if you had a fixed mock user for tests.

If you want to stream data that can be structured as JSON, you should [Stream JSON Lines](../tutorial/stream-json-lines.md).

But if you want to **stream pure binary data** or strings, here's how you can do it.

/// info

Added in FastAPI 0.134.0.

///

## Use Cases { #use-cases }

You could use this if you want to stream pure strings, for example directly from the output of an **AI LLM** service.

## Documenting webhooks with **FastAPI** and OpenAPI { #documenting-webhooks-with-fastapi-and-openapi }

With **FastAPI**, using OpenAPI, you can define the names of these webhooks, the types of HTTP operations that your app can send (e.g. `POST`, `PUT`, etc.) and the request **bodies** that your app would send.

You could then update `test_main.py` with the extended tests:

{* ../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_an_py310/test_main.py *}


Whenever you need the client to pass information in the request and you don't know how to, you can search (Google) how to do it in `httpx`, or even how to do it with `requests`, as HTTPX's design is based on Requests' design.

Then you just do the same in your tests.

E.g.:

If you don't select any scope, you will be "authenticated", but when you try to access `/users/me/` or `/users/me/items/` you will get an error saying that you don't have enough permissions. You will still be able to access `/status/`.

And if you select the scope `me` but not the scope `items`, you will be able to access `/users/me/` but not `/users/me/items/`.

   * {@code remove} method. If you override {@link #iterator}, you may wish to override {@link
   * #clear} to forward to this implementation.
   *
   * @since 7.0
   */
  protected void standardClear() {
    Iterators.clear(iterator());
  }

  /**
   * A sensible definition of {@link #isEmpty} as {@code !iterator().hasNext}. If you override

   * {@code remove} method. If you override {@link #iterator}, you may wish to override {@link
   * #clear} to forward to this implementation.
   *
   * @since 7.0
   */
  protected void standardClear() {
    Iterators.clear(iterator());
  }

  /**
   * A sensible definition of {@link #isEmpty} as {@code !iterator().hasNext}. If you override

But it's possible to customize it, you can set a specific CDN, or serve the files yourself.

## Custom CDN for JavaScript and CSS { #custom-cdn-for-javascript-and-css }

Let's say that you want to use a different <abbr title="Content Delivery Network">CDN</abbr>, for example you want to use `https://unpkg.com/`.

This could be useful if for example you live in a country that restricts some URLs.