identityMap, foreignValues = schema.GetIdentityFieldValuesMap(tx.Statement.Context, reflectValue, foreignFields)
		if len(foreignValues) == 0 {
			return nil
		}
	}

	// nested preload
	for p, pvs := range preloads {
		tx = tx.Preload(p, pvs...)
	}

	reflectResults := rel.FieldSchema.MakeSlice().Elem()
	column, values := schema.ToQueryValues(clause.CurrentTable, relForeignKeys, foreignValues)

	if len(values) != 0 {

					Level0s: []Level0{},
				},
			},
		},
	}
	if err := DB.Create(&want[1]).Error; err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	var got []Level3
	if err := DB.Preload("Level2").Preload("Level2.Level1s").Preload("Level2_1").Preload("Level2_1.Level1s").Preload("Level2_1.Level1s.Level0s").Find(&got).Error; err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	if string(toJSONString(got)) != string(toJSONString(want)) {

		t.Fatalf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
	}

	CheckUser(t, user, user)

	var user2 User
	DB.Preload("Account").Preload("Pets").Preload("Toys").Preload("Company").Preload("Manager").Preload("Team").Preload("Languages").Preload("Friends").Find(&user2, "id = ?", user.ID)
	CheckUser(t, user2, user)
}

func TestBulkCreateWithAssociations(t *testing.T) {
	users := []User{

	result, err := db.Preload("Company", nil).Preload("Pets", nil).Where("name = ?", u.Name).First(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Preload failed: %v", err)
	}

	if result.Name != u.Name || result.Company.Name != u.Company.Name || len(result.Pets) != len(u.Pets) {
		t.Fatalf("Preload expected %s, got %+v", u.Name, result)
	}

	results, err := db.Preload("Company", func(db gorm.PreloadBuilder) error {

	DB.Model(&blog).Association("Tags").Find(&tags)
	if !compareTags(tags, []string{"tag1", "tag2", "tag3"}) {
		t.Fatalf("Should find 3 tags")
	}

	var blog1 Blog
	DB.Preload("Tags").Find(&blog1)
	if !compareTags(blog1.Tags, []string{"tag1", "tag2", "tag3"}) {
		t.Fatalf("Preload many2many relations")
	}

	// Replace
	tag5 := &Tag{Locale: "ZH", Value: "tag5"}
	tag6 := &Tag{Locale: "ZH", Value: "tag6"}

	result.Friends = user2.Friends

	DB.Select("Name", "Account", "Toys", "Manager", "ManagerID", "Languages").Save(&result)

	var result2 User
	DB.Preload("Account").Preload("Pets").Preload("Toys").Preload("Company").Preload("Manager").Preload("Team").Preload("Languages").Preload("Friends").First(&result2, user.ID)

	result.Languages = append(user.Languages, result.Languages...)
	result.Toys = append(user.Toys, result.Toys...)

    }

    /**
     * Returns the preload size for charset detection.
     * @return The preload size for charset detection.
     */
    public int getPreloadSizeForCharset() {
        return preloadSizeForCharset;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the preload size for charset detection.
     * @param preloadSizeForCharset The preload size for charset detection to set.
     */

		db = scope(db)
	}
	return db
}

// Preload preload associations with given conditions
//
//	// get all users, and preload all non-cancelled orders
//	db.Preload("Orders", "state NOT IN (?)", "cancelled").Find(&users)
func (db *DB) Preload(query string, args ...interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()
	if tx.Statement.Preloads == nil {
		tx.Statement.Preloads = map[string][]interface{}{}
	}

		}

		db.Statement.AddClauseIfNotExists(clauseSelect)

		db.Statement.Build(db.Statement.BuildClauses...)
	}
}

func Preload(db *gorm.DB) {
	if db.Error == nil && len(db.Statement.Preloads) > 0 {
		if db.Statement.Schema == nil {
			db.AddError(fmt.Errorf("%w when using preload", gorm.ErrModelValueRequired))
			return
		}

		joins := make([]string, 0, len(db.Statement.Joins))

		DB.Create(user)
		userIDs = append(userIDs, user.ID)
	}

	var entries []User
	assert.NotPanics(t, func() {
		assert.NoError(t,
			DB.Preload("Manager.Team").
				Joins("Manager.Company").
				Find(&entries).Error)
	})
}

func TestJoinsPreload_Issue7013_RelationEmpty(t *testing.T) {
	type (
		Furniture struct {
			gorm.Model