public class UserRoleLoginExceptionTest extends UnitFessTestCase {

    // Mock subclass of RootAction for testing generic type safety
    private static class TestAction extends RootAction {
        // Test subclass
    }

    // Another mock subclass for testing
    private static class AdminAction extends RootAction {
        // Test admin subclass
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor() {

 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @since 20.0
 */
public abstract class AbstractGraph<N> extends AbstractBaseGraph<N> implements Graph<N> {
  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  public AbstractGraph() {}

  @Override
  public final boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
    if (obj == this) {
      return true;
    }
    if (!(obj instanceof Graph)) {
      return false;

 * more efficient implementation.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <V> Value parameter type
 * @since 20.0
 */
public abstract class AbstractValueGraph<N, V> extends AbstractBaseGraph<N>
    implements ValueGraph<N, V> {
  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  public AbstractValueGraph() {}

  @Override

     * The default returns 6. Override in subclasses for provider-specific tuning.
     *
     * @return the maximum number of messages
     */
    protected int getIntentHistoryMaxMessages() {
        return 6;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the maximum characters for intent detection history.
     * The default returns 3000. Override in subclasses for provider-specific tuning.
     *

 *
 * <p>{@link #setDefault} allows subclasses to specify default values for types.
 *
 * <p>This class incurs IO because it scans the classpath and reads classpath resources.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 14.0
 */
// TODO: Switch to JUnit 4 and use @Parameterized and @BeforeClass
// Note: @Test annotations are deliberate, as some subclasses specify @RunWith(JUnit4).
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible

   *     invocation conversion.
   * @throws InvocationTargetException if the underlying method or constructor throws an exception.
   */
  // All subclasses are owned by us and we'll make sure to get the R type right, including nullness.
  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "nullness"})
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue

    if single_not_embedded_field:
        field_info = first_field.field_info
        assert isinstance(field_info, params.Param), (
            "Params must be subclasses of Param"
        )
        loc: tuple[str, ...] = (field_info.in_.value,)
        v_, errors_ = _validate_value_with_model_field(
            field=first_field, value=params_to_process, values=values, loc=loc

            return redirect(e.getActionClass());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Calls the parent's godHandPrologue method.
     * <p>
     * This method exists to allow subclasses or tests to override
     * the behavior of the parent class invocation.
     * </p>
     *
     * @param runtime the action runtime context
     * @return the action response from the parent
     */

 *
 * <p>{@link #setDefault} allows subclasses to specify default values for types.
 *
 * <p>This class incurs IO because it scans the classpath and reads classpath resources.
 *
 * @author Ben Yu
 * @since 14.0
 */
// TODO: Switch to JUnit 4 and use @Parameterized and @BeforeClass
// Note: @Test annotations are deliberate, as some subclasses specify @RunWith(JUnit4).
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible

            longString.append("x");
        }
        assertEquals(1056L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf(longString.toString()));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_sizeOf_numberTypes() {
        // Test various Number subclasses
        assertEquals(24L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf(new BigInteger("123456789")));
        assertEquals(24L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf(new BigDecimal("123.456")));
        assertEquals(24L, MemoryUtil.sizeOf((byte) 1));