assertTrue(violations.isEmpty());
    }

    // Test validation with invalid cron expressions
    public void test_invalidCronExpressions() {
        TestBean bean = new TestBean();

        // Test invalid cron expression
        bean.setCronExpression("invalid");
        Set<ConstraintViolation<TestBean>> violations = validator.validate(bean);
        assertFalse(violations.isEmpty());

    // Test edge cases to understand the validation behavior
    public void test_edgeCaseBehavior() {
        String[] edgeCases = { "0 0 25 * * ?", // Invalid day of month
                "0 60 * * * ?", // Invalid minute
                "0 0 0 32 1 ?", // Invalid day
                "0 0 0 1 13 ?", // Invalid month
        };

        for (String cron : edgeCases) {
            boolean result = validator.determineValid(cron);

    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "12345", "Invalid input length 5");
    // These have a combination of invalid length, unrecognized characters and wrong padding.
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "AB=C", "Unrecognized character: =");
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "A=BCD", "Invalid input length 5");
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "?", "Invalid input length 1");
  }

  public void testBase64CannotUpperCase() {

        assertEquals(exception.getMessage(), exception2.getMessage());
    }

    public void test_toString() {
        // Test the toString method
        String message = "LDAP configuration is invalid";
        LdapConfigurationException exception = new LdapConfigurationException(message);

        String toStringResult = exception.toString();
        assertNotNull(toStringResult);

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_exceptionChaining() {
        // Test exception chaining
        Throwable rootCause = new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid argument");
        Throwable intermediateCause = new RuntimeException("Processing failed", rootCause);
        String message = "Plugin operation failed";

    // One invalid pair.
    assertEquals("abc", Strings.commonPrefix("abc\uD8AB\uDCABdef", "abc\uD8AB\uD8ABxyz"));
    // Two identical invalid pairs.
    assertEquals(
        "abc\uD8AB\uD8AC", Strings.commonPrefix("abc\uD8AB\uD8ACdef", "abc\uD8AB\uD8ACxyz"));
    // Two differing invalid pairs.

        ComponentUtil.setFessConfig(mockConfig);

        // Setup mock request manager with invalid format
        RequestManager mockRequestManager = createMockRequestManager("invalid_locale_format");

        // Execute
        OptionalThing<Locale> result = provider.findBusinessLocale(null, mockRequestManager);

        // Verify - invalid format should return empty due to exception in LocaleUtils.toLocale

        assertTrue(queryFieldConfig.isSortField("modified"));
        assertTrue(queryFieldConfig.isSortField("title"));

        // Test invalid sort fields
        assertFalse(queryFieldConfig.isSortField("invalid"));
        assertFalse(queryFieldConfig.isSortField(""));
        assertFalse(queryFieldConfig.isSortField(null));
    }

    public void test_isFacetField() {

    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "12345", "Invalid input length 5");
    // These have a combination of invalid length, unrecognized characters and wrong padding.
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "AB=C", "Unrecognized character: =");
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "A=BCD", "Invalid input length 5");
    assertFailsToDecode(base64(), "?", "Invalid input length 1");
  }

  public void testBase64CannotUpperCase() {

                    // Success on first call
                    return;
                case 2:
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid argument");
                case 3:
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Invalid state");
                case 4:
                    throw new NullPointerException("Null pointer");
                default: