* permits per second:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * final RateLimiter rateLimiter = RateLimiter.create(5000.0); // rate = 5000 permits per second
 * void submitPacket(byte[] packet) {
 *   rateLimiter.acquire(packet.length);
 *   networkService.send(packet);
 * }
 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>It is important to note that the number of permits requested <i>never</i> affects the

            .expireAfterWrite(EXPIRING_TIME, MILLISECONDS)
            .removalListener(removalListener)
            .ticker(ticker)
            .build(loader);
    checkExpiration(cache, loader, ticker, removalListener);
  }

  public void testExpiration_expireAfterAccess() {
    FakeTicker ticker = new FakeTicker();
    CountingRemovalListener<String, Integer> removalListener = countingRemovalListener();

  }

  public void testElapsed_notRunning() {
    ticker.advance(1);
    stopwatch.start();
    ticker.advance(4);
    stopwatch.stop();
    ticker.advance(9);
    assertEquals(4, stopwatch.elapsed(NANOSECONDS));
  }

  public void testElapsed_multipleSegments() {
    stopwatch.start();
    ticker.advance(9);
    stopwatch.stop();

    ticker.advance(16);

    stopwatch.start();

import com.google.common.annotations.J2ktIncompatible;
import com.google.common.base.Ticker;
import com.google.errorprone.annotations.CanIgnoreReturnValue;
import java.time.Duration;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;

/**
 * A Ticker whose value can be advanced programmatically in test.
 *
 * <p>The ticker can be configured so that the time is incremented whenever {@link #read} is called:

  private static class Timestamped<V> {
    private final V value;
    private final Ticker ticker;
    private long writeTimestamp;
    private long accessTimestamp;

    public Timestamped(V value, Ticker ticker) {
      this.value = checkNotNull(value);
      this.ticker = checkNotNull(ticker);
      this.writeTimestamp = ticker.read();
      this.accessTimestamp = this.writeTimestamp;
    }

            return Futures.immediateFuture(two);
          }
        };

    LoadingCache<Object, Object> cache =
        CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
            .recordStats()
            .ticker(ticker)
            .refreshAfterWrite(1, MILLISECONDS)
            .build(loader);
    Object key = new Object();
    CacheStats stats = cache.stats();
    assertEquals(0, stats.missCount());

@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public abstract class Ticker {
  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  protected Ticker() {}

  /** Returns the number of nanoseconds elapsed since this ticker's fixed point of reference. */
  public abstract long read();

  /**
   * A ticker that reads the current time using {@link System#nanoTime}.
   *
   * @since 10.0
   */
  public static Ticker systemTicker() {
    return SYSTEM_TICKER;
  }

  transient int modCount;
  /** Maps a bucket to the "entry" of its first element. */
  private transient int[] hashTableKToV;
  /** Maps a bucket to the "entry" of its first element. */
  private transient int[] hashTableVToK;
  /** Maps an "entry" to the "entry" that follows it in its bucket. */
  private transient int[] nextInBucketKToV;
  /** Maps an "entry" to the "entry" that follows it in its bucket. */

          int bucket = valueEntry.smearedValueHash & mask;
          valueEntry.nextInValueBucket = hashTable[bucket];
          hashTable[bucket] = valueEntry;
        }
      }
    }

    @CanIgnoreReturnValue
    @Override
    public boolean remove(@CheckForNull Object o) {
      int smearedHash = Hashing.smearedHash(o);
      int bucket = smearedHash & mask();

      @Override
      public String toString() {
        return string;
      }
    };
  }

  @Generates
  Ticker generateTicker() {
    return new Ticker() {
      @Override
      public long read() {
        return 0;
      }

      final String string = paramString(Ticker.class, generateInt());

      @Override
      public String toString() {
        return string;
      }
    };