private static final String ERROR_ADDED_PARALLEL_EDGE =
      "Should not be allowed to add a parallel edge.";
  private static final String ERROR_ADDED_SELF_LOOP =
      "Should not be allowed to add a self-loop edge.";
  static final String ERROR_SELF_LOOP = "self-loops are not allowed";

  @Test
  public void transitiveClosure_directedGraph() {

  // here too.
  static final String ERROR_MODIFIABLE_SET = "Set returned is unexpectedly modifiable";
  static final String ERROR_SELF_LOOP = "self-loops are not allowed";
  static final String ERROR_ADDED_SELF_LOOP = "Should not be allowed to add a self-loop edge.";

  /** Creates and returns an instance of the graph to be tested. */
  abstract Graph<Integer> createGraph();

  /**

   * </pre>
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is a loop in the causal chain
   */
  public static Throwable getRootCause(Throwable throwable) {
    // Keep a second pointer that slowly walks the causal chain. If the fast pointer ever catches
    // the slower pointer, then there's a loop.
    Throwable slowPointer = throwable;
    boolean advanceSlowPointer = false;

   * </pre>
   *
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is a loop in the causal chain
   */
  public static Throwable getRootCause(Throwable throwable) {
    // Keep a second pointer that slowly walks the causal chain. If the fast pointer ever catches
    // the slower pointer, then there's a loop.
    Throwable slowPointer = throwable;
    boolean advanceSlowPointer = false;

       * non-final fields need to be reloaded inside the loop.
       *
       * And, no, defining (final or not) local variables out of the loop still isn't as good
       * because the null check on the theUnsafe object remains inside the loop and
       * BYTE_ARRAY_BASE_OFFSET doesn't get constant-folded.
       *

        // Some broken exception that does return "this" as getCause
        AtomicReference<Throwable> causeRef = new AtomicReference<>(null);
        Exception cause2 = new RuntimeException("loop") {
            @Override
            public synchronized Throwable getCause() {
                return causeRef.get();
            }
        };
        causeRef.set(cause2);

      // Note that if all the futures on the list are done prior to completing this loop, the last
      // call to addListener() will callback to setOneValue(), transitively call our cleanup
      // listener, and set this.futures to null.
      // This is not actually a problem, since the foreach only needs this.futures to be non-null
      // at the beginning of the loop.
      int i = 0;

            } catch( InterruptedException ie ) {
                throw new TransportException( ie );
            } finally {
                response_map.remove( request );
            }
    }
    private void loop() {
        while( thread == Thread.currentThread() ) {
            try {
                Request key = peekKey();
                if (key == null)
                    throw new IOException( "end of stream" );

        if (sneaky == null) {
          return sample;
        } else {
          /* Someone beat us to it! Trying again...
           *
           * Technically this loop not guaranteed to terminate, so theoretically (extremely
           * unlikely) this thread might starve, but even then, there is always going to be another
           * thread doing progress here.
           */
        }

                // Remove the waiter, one way or another we are done parking this thread.
                removeWaiter(node);
                break long_wait_loop; // jump down to the busy wait loop
              }
            }
          }
          oldHead = waiters; // re-read and loop.
        } while (oldHead != Waiter.TOMBSTONE);
      }
      // re-read value, if we get here then we must have observed a TOMBSTONE while trying to add a