* canonical forms:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>[start..end)
   *   <li>[start..+∞)
   *   <li>(-∞..end) (only if type {@code C} is unbounded below)
   *   <li>(-∞..+∞) (only if type {@code C} is unbounded below)
   * </ul>
   */
  public Range<C> canonical(DiscreteDomain<C> domain) {
    checkNotNull(domain);
    Cut<C> lower = lowerBound.canonical(domain);

  abstract @Nullable C greatestValueBelow(DiscreteDomain<C> domain);

  /*
   * The canonical form is a BelowValue cut whenever possible, otherwise ABOVE_ALL, or
   * (only in the case of types that are unbounded below) BELOW_ALL.
   */
  Cut<C> canonical(DiscreteDomain<C> domain) {
    return this;
  }

  // note: overridden by {BELOW,ABOVE}_ALL
  @Override
  public int compareTo(Cut<C> that) {

   * canonical forms:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>[start..end)
   *   <li>[start..+∞)
   *   <li>(-∞..end) (only if type {@code C} is unbounded below)
   *   <li>(-∞..+∞) (only if type {@code C} is unbounded below)
   * </ul>
   */
  public Range<C> canonical(DiscreteDomain<C> domain) {
    checkNotNull(domain);
    Cut<C> lower = lowerBound.canonical(domain);

import org.jspecify.annotations.NullUnmarked;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An unbounded {@linkplain BlockingQueue blocking queue} that uses the same ordering rules as class
 * {@link PriorityQueue} and supplies blocking retrieval operations. While this queue is logically
 * unbounded, attempted additions may fail due to resource exhaustion (causing {@code

  abstract @Nullable C greatestValueBelow(DiscreteDomain<C> domain);

  /*
   * The canonical form is a BelowValue cut whenever possible, otherwise ABOVE_ALL, or
   * (only in the case of types that are unbounded below) BELOW_ALL.
   */
  Cut<C> canonical(DiscreteDomain<C> domain) {
    return this;
  }

  // note: overridden by {BELOW,ABOVE}_ALL
  @Override
  public int compareTo(Cut<C> that) {

   * Returns the minimal range with the given boundary types for which all values in this set are
   * {@linkplain Range#contains(Comparable) contained} within the range.
   *
   * <p>Note that this method will return ranges with unbounded endpoints if {@link BoundType#OPEN}
   * is requested for a domain minimum or maximum. For example, if {@code set} was created from the
   * range {@code [1..Integer.MAX_VALUE]} then {@code set.range(CLOSED, OPEN)} must return {@code

   * Returns the minimal range with the given boundary types for which all values in this set are
   * {@linkplain Range#contains(Comparable) contained} within the range.
   *
   * <p>Note that this method will return ranges with unbounded endpoints if {@link BoundType#OPEN}
   * is requested for a domain minimum or maximum. For example, if {@code set} was created from the
   * range {@code [1..Integer.MAX_VALUE]} then {@code set.range(CLOSED, OPEN)} must return {@code

* the lifespan event: das Lifespan-Event
* the lock: der Lock
* the locking: das Locking
* the mobile application: die Mobile-Anwendung
* the model object: das Modellobjekt
* the mounting: das Mounten
* mounted: gemountet
* the origin: das Origin
* the override: Die Überschreibung
* the parameter: der Parameter
* the parameters (plural): die Parameter
* the function parameter: der Funktionsparameter

        try {
            while ((len = reader.read(buf, size, bufferSize - size)) != -1) {
                size += len;
                if (size == bufferSize) {
                    // Enforce MAX_BUF_SIZE to prevent unbounded memory growth
                    final int newBufferSize = bufferSize + initialCapacity;
                    if (newBufferSize > MAX_BUF_SIZE) {

  // TODO(srbs): It seems like this is used only for performance optimization
  // and not for correctness. The only downside of keeping this 1 seems to be
  // that the gradient accumulation is unbounded and we will never
  // aggressively aggregate accumulated gradients to recover memory.
  // Revisit and fix.
  return 1;
}

// Consumes references to the tensors in the gradient_tensors list and returns