* @return a byte array containing all the bytes from file
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file is bigger than the largest possible byte array
   *     (2^31 - 1)
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */
  public static byte[] toByteArray(File file) throws IOException {
    return asByteSource(file).read();
  }

  /**

   * close or flush either object.
   *
   * @param from the object to read from
   * @param to the object to write to
   * @return the number of characters copied
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public static long copy(Readable from, Appendable to) throws IOException {
    // The most common case is that from is a Reader (like InputStreamReader or StringReader) so

   * reader each time it is called.
   *
   * <p>The caller is responsible for ensuring that the returned reader is closed.
   *
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while opening the reader
   */
  public abstract Reader openStream() throws IOException;

  /**
   * Opens a new {@link BufferedReader} for reading from this source. This method returns a new,

   * @return a byte array containing all the bytes from file
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the file is bigger than the largest possible byte array
   *     (2^31 - 1)
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */
  public static byte[] toByteArray(File file) throws IOException {
    return asByteSource(file).read();
  }

  /**

   * independent stream each time it is called.
   *
   * <p>The caller is responsible for ensuring that the returned stream is closed.
   *
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while opening the stream
   */
  public abstract InputStream openStream() throws IOException;

  /**
   * Opens a new buffered {@link InputStream} for reading from this source. The returned stream is

     * State#STARTING STARTING}. This occurs when {@link Service#startAsync} is called the first
     * time.
     */
    public void starting() {}

    /**
     * Called when the service transitions from {@linkplain State#STARTING STARTING} to {@linkplain
     * State#RUNNING RUNNING}. This occurs when a service has successfully started.
     */
    public void running() {}

     *             if a network error occurs
     */

    @Override
    public int read ( byte[] b ) throws IOException {
        return read(b, 0, b.length);
    }


    /**
     * Reads up to len bytes of data from this input stream into an array of bytes.
     *
     * @throws IOException
     *             if a network error occurs
     */

    @Override

     * State#STARTING STARTING}. This occurs when {@link Service#startAsync} is called the first
     * time.
     */
    public void starting() {}

    /**
     * Called when the service transitions from {@linkplain State#STARTING STARTING} to {@linkplain
     * State#RUNNING RUNNING}. This occurs when a service has successfully started.
     */
    public void running() {}

    }


    /**
     * Closes this output stream and releases any system resources associated
     * with it.
     *
     * @throws IOException
     *             if a network error occurs
     */

    @Override
    public void close () throws IOException {
        try {
            if ( this.handle.isValid() ) {
                this.handle.close();
            }
        }

   *
   * @param from the input stream to read from
   * @param to the output stream to write to
   * @return the number of bytes copied
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  public static long copy(InputStream from, OutputStream to) throws IOException {
    checkNotNull(from);
    checkNotNull(to);
    byte[] buf = createBuffer();
    long total = 0;