assertEquals(level1, topLevel.getCause());
        assertEquals("Level 1: Authentication service error", topLevel.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level2, topLevel.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Level 2: User lookup failed", topLevel.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level3, topLevel.getCause().getCause().getCause());

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof Error);
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof OutOfMemoryError);
        assertEquals("Not enough memory for SSO login", exception.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructorWithThrowableCause_StackOverflowError() {

        assertEquals("Thumbnail generation error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Processing failed", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Invalid image format", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_serialization() {

        assertEquals(url, exception.getUrl());
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(outerCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause().getCause());
        assertFalse(exception.aborted());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withSpecialCharactersInUrl() {

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_exceptionSerialization() {
        // Test that the exception is serializable
        String message = "Serialization test";

        RuntimeCIFSException finalException = new RuntimeCIFSException("Final error", intermediateCause);

        // Then
        assertEquals(intermediateCause, finalException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, finalException.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Final error", finalException.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Intermediate", intermediateCause.getMessage());

        if (e.getCause() instanceof MultipleArtifactsNotFoundException) {
            return true;
        }
        return e.getCause() instanceof org.eclipse.aether.resolution.ArtifactResolutionException
                && e.getCause().getCause() instanceof ArtifactNotFoundException;
    }

    private boolean isNonTransferablePom(Exception e) {
        if (e.getCause() instanceof ArtifactResolutionException) {

        final SsoMessageException exception = new SsoMessageException(messageCode, message, middleCause);

        // Verify cause chain
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_emptyMessage() {
        // Setup
        final String message = "";

        assertEquals("dbConnection", topException.getComponentName());
        assertEquals(middleCause, topException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, topException.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_throwAndCatch() {
        // Test throwing and catching the exception
        String componentName = "cacheManager";
        try {

        String fullMessage = (message != null) ? message : "";

        // To break out of possible endless loop when getCause returns "this", or dejaVu for n-level recursion (n>1)
        Set<Throwable> dejaVu = Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<>());
        for (Throwable t = exception; t != null && t != t.getCause(); t = t.getCause()) {
            String exceptionMessage = t.getMessage();
            String longMessage = null;