for (ExpectedHashCode expected : expectedHashCodes) {
      HashCode fromBytes = HashCode.fromBytes(expected.bytes);
      assertExpectedHashCode(expected, fromBytes);
    }
  }

  public void testFromBytes_copyOccurs() {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[] {(byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00};
    HashCode hashCode = HashCode.fromBytes(bytes);
    int expectedInt = 0x0000abcd;

    Mac mac = Mac.getInstance("HmacMD5");
    mac.init(MD5_KEY);
    mac.update(input.getBytes(UTF_8));
    assertEquals(knownOutput, HashCode.fromBytes(mac.doFinal()).toString());
    assertEquals(knownOutput, HashCode.fromBytes(mac.doFinal(input.getBytes(UTF_8))).toString());
    assertEquals(knownOutput, Hashing.hmacMd5(MD5_KEY).hashString(input, UTF_8).toString());

    for (ExpectedHashCode expected : expectedHashCodes) {
      HashCode fromBytes = HashCode.fromBytes(expected.bytes);
      assertExpectedHashCode(expected, fromBytes);
    }
  }

  public void testFromBytes_copyOccurs() {
    byte[] bytes = new byte[] {(byte) 0xcd, (byte) 0xab, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00};
    HashCode hashCode = HashCode.fromBytes(bytes);
    int expectedInt = 0x0000abcd;

      }
      return true;
    }

    private /* static */ long lowerEight(byte[] bytes) {
      return Longs.fromBytes(
          bytes[7], bytes[6], bytes[5], bytes[4], bytes[3], bytes[2], bytes[1], bytes[0]);
    }

    private /* static */ long upperEight(byte[] bytes) {
      return Longs.fromBytes(
          bytes[15], bytes[14], bytes[13], bytes[12], bytes[11], bytes[10], bytes[9], bytes[8]);
    }
  };

    assertEquals(hash32, Hashing.combineOrdered(ImmutableList.of(hash32)));
    assertEquals(
        HashCode.fromBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, 0, 0, 0}),
        Hashing.combineOrdered(ImmutableList.of(hash32, hash32)));
    assertEquals(
        HashCode.fromBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 0xa0, 0, 0, 0}),
        Hashing.combineOrdered(ImmutableList.of(hash32, hash32, hash32)));
    assertFalse(

    assertEquals(hash32, Hashing.combineOrdered(ImmutableList.of(hash32)));
    assertEquals(
        HashCode.fromBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 0x80, 0, 0, 0}),
        Hashing.combineOrdered(ImmutableList.of(hash32, hash32)));
    assertEquals(
        HashCode.fromBytes(new byte[] {(byte) 0xa0, 0, 0, 0}),
        Hashing.combineOrdered(ImmutableList.of(hash32, hash32, hash32)));
    assertFalse(

   *
   * <p>This abstraction allows us to use single-instruction load and put when available, or fall
   * back on the slower approach of using Longs.fromBytes(byte...).
   */
  private interface LittleEndianBytes {
    long getLongLittleEndian(byte[] array, int offset);

    void putLongLittleEndian(byte[] array, int offset, long value);

    boolean usesFastPath();

    assertThrows(
        IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Chars.fromByteArray(new byte[Chars.BYTES - 1]));
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // Chars.fromBytes
  public void testFromBytes() {
    assertThat(Chars.fromBytes((byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x45)).isEqualTo('\u2345');
    assertThat(Chars.fromBytes((byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xDC)).isEqualTo('\uFEDC');
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // Chars.fromByteArray, Chars.toByteArray

    assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> Shorts.fromByteArray(new byte[] {0x01}));
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // Shorts.fromBytes
  public void testFromBytes() {
    assertThat(Shorts.fromBytes((byte) 0x23, (byte) 0x45)).isEqualTo((short) 0x2345);
    assertThat(Shorts.fromBytes((byte) 0xFE, (byte) 0xDC)).isEqualTo((short) 0xFEDC);
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // Shorts.fromByteArray, Shorts.toByteArray

   * immutability contract of {@code HashCode}. The array cannot be empty.
   *
   * @since 15.0 (since 12.0 in HashCodes)
   */
  public static HashCode fromBytes(byte[] bytes) {
    checkArgument(bytes.length >= 1, "A HashCode must contain at least 1 byte.");
    return fromBytesNoCopy(bytes.clone());
  }

  /**