return Stream.of(
                    Arguments.of(null, "null version"),
                    Arguments.of("", "empty version"),
                    Arguments.of("   ", "whitespace-only version"),
                    Arguments.of("4", "incomplete version (major only)"),
                    Arguments.of("4.0", "incomplete version (major.minor only)"),

                "word1\n" + "  \n" + // whitespace line (may be treated as content)
                "# Another comment\n" + "word2\n";

        // Write content to test file
        writeTestFile(content);

        // Reload and verify
        protwordsFile.reload(null);

        PagingList<ProtwordsItem> result = protwordsFile.selectList(0, 10);
        // Whitespace-only lines may be treated as entries

    @DisplayName("Edge Cases")
    class EdgeCases {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("should handle POM with only whitespace elements")
        void shouldHandlePOMWithWhitespaceElements() throws Exception {
            String pomXml = PomBuilder.create()
                    .groupId("   ") // whitespace-only groupId
                    .artifactId("test-project")
                    .version("1.0.0")
                    .build();

        return new CopyOptions().excludeNull();
    }

    /**
     * Returns a {@link CopyOptions} that excludes properties with whitespace values from the operation.
     *
     * @return A {@link CopyOptions} that excludes properties with whitespace values from the operation.
     * @see CopyOptions#excludeWhitespace()
     */
    public static CopyOptions excludeWhitespace() {

    val part = parts.nextPart()!!
    assertThat(part.headers).isEqualTo(headersOf())
    assertThat(part.body.readUtf8()).isEqualTo("abcd")

    assertThat(parts.nextPart()).isNull()
  }

  @Test fun `skip whitespace after boundary`() {
    val multipart =
      """
      |--simple boundary
      |
      |abcd
      |--simple boundary--
      """.trimMargin()

        // Test with whitespace around keys and values
        value = "  key1  =  value1  \n  key2=value2\n";
        paramMap = ParameterUtil.parse(value);
        assertEquals(2, paramMap.size());
        assertEquals("value1", paramMap.get("key1"));
        assertEquals("value2", paramMap.get("key2"));

        // Test with empty lines and mixed whitespace
        value = "key1=value1\n\n\t\nkey2=value2\n \n";

  val result = copyOf(size + 1)
  result[result.lastIndex] = value
  return result as Array<String>
}

/** Increments [startIndex] until this string is not ASCII whitespace. Stops at [endIndex]. */
internal fun String.indexOfFirstNonAsciiWhitespace(
  startIndex: Int = 0,
  endIndex: Int = length,
): Int {
  for (i in startIndex until endIndex) {
    when (this[i]) {

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withWhitespaceType() {
        // Test constructor with whitespace in type
        String type = "  Bearer Token  ";
        String message = "Whitespace in token type";
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception = new InvalidAccessTokenException(type, message);

        assertEquals("  Bearer Token  ", exception.getType());

 * simplifies use of single-valued fields whose values routinely contain commas, such as cookies or
 * dates.
 *
 * This class trims whitespace from values. It never returns values with leading or trailing
 * whitespace.
 *
 * Instances of this class are immutable. Use [Builder] to create instances.
 */
@Suppress("NAME_SHADOWING")
class Headers internal constructor(

    public void test_buildDefaultUrl_whitespaceProperty() throws Exception {
        // Test that whitespace-only property falls back to default
        SamlAuthenticator authenticator = new SamlAuthenticator();

        DynamicProperties systemProperties = ComponentUtil.getSystemProperties();
        try {
            // Set whitespace-only base URL
            systemProperties.setProperty("saml.sp.base.url", "   ");