## Proxy implementation

In its initial implementations, the ztunnel was actually implemented in 3 different ways: a bespoke Rust implementation, a bespoke Go implementation, and in Envoy.

In the end, [after evaluation](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c2123cKuYsBDpIon9FFdctWTUIMFweSjgwG7r8l3818/edit), the decision was to move forward with a Rust implementation.

Some compiler optimizations that would be valid in single-threaded programs are not valid in all Go programs.
In particular, a compiler must not introduce writes that do not exist in the original program,
it must not allow a single read to observe multiple values,
and it must not allow a single write to write multiple values.
</p>

<p>
All the following examples assume that `*p` and `*q` refer to

   *     Queue<Integer>} but not a {@code Queue<Object>}).
   * @since 8.0
   */
  public static final class Builder<B> {
    /*
     * TODO(kevinb): when the dust settles, see if we still need this or can
     * just default to DEFAULT_CAPACITY.
     */
    private static final int UNSET_EXPECTED_SIZE = -1;

    private final Comparator<B> comparator;
    private int expectedSize = UNSET_EXPECTED_SIZE;

The spec also states that the `username` and `password` must be sent as form data (so, no JSON here).

### `scope`

The spec also says that the client can send another form field "`scope`".

The form field name is `scope` (in singular), but it is actually a long string with "scopes" separated by spaces.

Each "scope" is just a string (without spaces).

   *     Queue<Integer>} but not a {@code Queue<Object>}).
   * @since 8.0
   */
  public static final class Builder<B> {
    /*
     * TODO(kevinb): when the dust settles, see if we still need this or can
     * just default to DEFAULT_CAPACITY.
     */
    private static final int UNSET_EXPECTED_SIZE = -1;

    private final Comparator<B> comparator;
    private int expectedSize = UNSET_EXPECTED_SIZE;

      } else {
        // if our write lost the race, it must have lost to a nonzero value, so we can stop
        return countMap.putIfAbsent(element, new AtomicInteger(newCount)) == null;
      }
    }
    int oldValue = existingCounter.get();
    if (oldValue == expectedOldCount) {
      if (oldValue == 0) {
        if (newCount == 0) {
          // Just observed a 0; try to remove the entry to clean up the map

            bufferIndex += byteCount;
        }

        /*
         * if there is an andx and it itself is an andx then just recur by
         * calling this method for it. otherwise just read it's parameter words
         * and bytes as usual. Note how we can't just call andx.readWireFormat
         * because there's no header.
         */

        if( errorCode != 0 || andxCommand == (byte)0xFF ) {

    private final int scale;

    private Scale(int scale) {
      checkArgument(scale > 0, "Quantile scale must be positive");
      this.scale = scale;
    }

    /**
     * Specifies a single quantile index to be calculated, i.e. the k in the kth q-quantile.
     *
     * @param index the quantile index, which must be in the inclusive range [0, q] for q-quantiles
     */
    public ScaleAndIndex index(int index) {

public final class SpliteratorTester<E extends @Nullable Object> {
  /** Return type from "contains the following elements" assertions. */
  public interface Ordered {
    /**
     * Attests that the expected values must not just be present but must be present in the order
     * they were given.
     */
    void inOrder();
  }

  @IgnoreJRERequirement // *should* be redundant with the annotation on SpliteratorTester

public final class SpliteratorTester<E extends @Nullable Object> {
  /** Return type from "contains the following elements" assertions. */
  public interface Ordered {
    /**
     * Attests that the expected values must not just be present but must be present in the order
     * they were given.
     */
    void inOrder();
  }

  private abstract static class GeneralSpliterator<E extends @Nullable Object> {
    final Spliterator<E> spliterator;