*       between paging memory and killing other processes - so allocating a gigantic buffer and
   *       then sequentially accessing it could result in other processes dying. This is solvable
   *       via madvise(2), but that obviously doesn't exist in java.
   *   <li>Ordinary copy. Kernel copies bytes into a kernel buffer, from a kernel buffer into a
   *       userspace buffer (byte[] or ByteBuffer), then copies them from that buffer into the

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 *
 * <p><b>Warning:</b> as with any sorted collection, you are strongly advised not to use a {@link
 * Comparator} or {@link Comparable} type whose comparison behavior is <i>inconsistent with
 * equals</i>. That is, {@code a.compareTo(b)} or {@code comparator.compare(a, b)} should equal zero
 * <i>if and only if</i> {@code a.equals(b)}. If this advice is not followed, the resulting
 * collection will not correctly obey its specification.
 *

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 *
 *  * DER: Distinguished Encoding Rules. This further constrains ASN.1 for deterministic encoding.
 *  * BER: Basic Encoding Rules.
 *
 * This class was implemented according to the [X.690 spec][[x690]], and under the advice of
 * [Lets Encrypt's ASN.1 and DER][asn1_and_der] guide.
 *
 * [x690]: https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-X.690
 * [asn1_and_der]: https://letsencrypt.org/docs/a-warm-welcome-to-asn1-and-der/
 */
internal class DerReader(