assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
    }

    /**
     * Test constructor with various cause types
     */
    public void test_constructor_withVariousCauseTypes() {
        // With Exception cause
        Exception exceptionCause = new Exception("Exception cause");

        @DisplayName("Should handle deeply nested exceptions")
        void testToStringWithNestedExceptions() {
            Exception innermost = new IOException("Innermost exception");
            Exception middle = new RuntimeException("Middle exception", innermost);
            Exception rootCause = new IllegalStateException("Outer exception", middle);
            TransportException exception = new TransportException("Transport failed", rootCause);

                    conn.connect();
                    successCount.incrementAndGet();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    synchronized (exceptions) {
                        exceptions.add(e);
                    }
                    failureCount.incrementAndGet();
                } finally {
                    doneLatch.countDown();
                }

        executor.shutdown();

        // Then - No unexpected exceptions
        assertTrue(exceptions.isEmpty(), "No unexpected exceptions should occur");
    }

    /**
     * Test that CopyOnWriteArrayList prevents ConcurrentModificationException.
     */
    @Test
    public void testNoConcurrentModificationException() throws Exception {
        // Given

        assertFalse(component.isCloseCalled());

        try {
            failingFactory.destroyObject(pooledObject);
            fail("Should throw exception from close()");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Expected - exception should propagate from close()
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("Intentional close failure"));
        }

        // Verify close was attempted

    void testExceptionHierarchy() {
        // When
        RuntimeCIFSException exception = new RuntimeCIFSException("Test");

        // Then
        assertTrue(exception instanceof RuntimeException);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof Exception);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof Throwable);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should support exception chaining")

                    conn.connect();
                    successCount.incrementAndGet();
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    synchronized (exceptions) {
                        exceptions.add(e);
                    }
                    failureCount.incrementAndGet();
                } finally {
                    doneLatch.countDown();
                }

        // Try to execute - should be blocked with CIFSException
        CIFSException exception = assertThrows(CIFSException.class, () -> {
            circuitBreaker.executeWithCircuitBreaker(() -> "should not execute");
        }, "Circuit breaker should throw CIFSException when open");

        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("Circuit breaker 'test' is open"), "Exception message should indicate circuit is open");
    }

    @Test

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(SmbOperationException.ErrorCode.FILE_NOT_FOUND, exception.getErrorCode());
        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("FILE_NOT_FOUND"));
        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("test.txt"));
        assertEquals(SmbOperationException.ErrorCategory.FILE_SYSTEM, exception.getErrorCategory());
        assertFalse(exception.isRetryable());
    }

    @Test

  private static boolean hasConstructorUsableByGetChecked(
      Class<? extends Exception> exceptionClass) {
    try {
      Exception unused = newWithCause(exceptionClass, new Exception());
      return true;
    } catch (Throwable t) { // sneaky checked exception
      return false;
    }
  }

  private static <X extends Exception> X newWithCause(Class<X> exceptionClass, Throwable cause) {