* @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   * @deprecated Prefer {@code asCharSource(file, charset).read()}.
   */
  @Deprecated
  @InlineMe(
      replacement = "Files.asCharSource(file, charset).read()",
      imports = "com.google.common.io.Files")
  public static String toString(File file, Charset charset) throws IOException {
    return asCharSource(file, charset).read();
  }

  /**

   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   * @deprecated Prefer {@code asCharSource(file, charset).read()}.
   */
  @Deprecated
  @InlineMe(
      replacement = "Files.asCharSource(file, charset).read()",
      imports = "com.google.common.io.Files")
  public static String toString(File file, Charset charset) throws IOException {
    return asCharSource(file, charset).read();
  }

  /**

    AsByteSource(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = checkNotNull(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public CharSource asCharSource(Charset charset) {
      if (charset.equals(this.charset)) {
        return CharSource.this;
      }
      return super.asCharSource(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public InputStream openStream() throws IOException {

    AsByteSource(Charset charset) {
      this.charset = checkNotNull(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public CharSource asCharSource(Charset charset) {
      if (charset.equals(this.charset)) {
        return CharSource.this;
      }
      return super.asCharSource(charset);
    }

    @Override
    public InputStream openStream() throws IOException {

    checkNotNull(factory);
    return new CharSourceFactory() {
      @Override
      public CharSource createSource(String string) throws IOException {
        return factory.createSource(string.getBytes(UTF_8)).asCharSource(UTF_8);
      }

      @Override
      public String getExpected(String data) {
        return new String(factory.getExpected(data.getBytes(UTF_8)), UTF_8);
      }

      @Override

   * returned, rather than round-trip encoding. Subclasses that override this method should behave
   * the same way.
   */
  public CharSource asCharSource(Charset charset) {
    return new AsCharSource(charset);
  }

  /**
   * Opens a new {@link InputStream} for reading from this source. This method returns a new,
   * independent stream each time it is called.
   *

    suite.addTest(
        ByteSinkTester.tests(
            "Files.asByteSink[File, APPEND]", SourceSinkFactories.appendingFileByteSinkFactory()));
    suite.addTest(
        CharSourceTester.tests(
            "Files.asCharSource[File, Charset]",
            SourceSinkFactories.fileCharSourceFactory(),
            false));
    suite.addTest(
        CharSinkTester.tests(

    suite.addTest(
        ByteSinkTester.tests(
            "Files.asByteSink[File, APPEND]", SourceSinkFactories.appendingFileByteSinkFactory()));
    suite.addTest(
        CharSourceTester.tests(
            "Files.asCharSource[File, Charset]",
            SourceSinkFactories.fileCharSourceFactory(),
            false));
    suite.addTest(
        CharSinkTester.tests(