* Valide les **structures complexes**:
    * Utilise les modèles hiérarchique de Pydantic, le `typage` Python pour les `Lists`, `Dict`, etc.
    * Et les validateurs permettent aux schémas de données complexes d'être clairement et facilement définis, validés et documentés sous forme d'un schéma JSON.

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, max_length=50)
```

Cela va valider les données, montrer une erreur claire si ces dernières ne sont pas valides, et documenter le paramètre dans le schéma `OpenAPI` de cette *path operation*.

## Rajouter plus de validation

Vous pouvez aussi rajouter un second paramètre `min_length` :

    * Swagger UI.
    * ReDoc.

---

Pour revenir à l'exemple de code précédent, **FastAPI** permet de :

* Valider que `item_id` existe dans le chemin des requêtes `GET` et `PUT`.
* Valider que `item_id` est de type `int` pour les requêtes `GET` et `PUT`.
    * Si ce n'est pas le cas, le client voit une erreur utile et claire.

            "loc": [
                "path",
                "item_id"
            ],
            "msg": "value is not a valid integer",
            "type": "type_error.integer"
        }
    ]
}
```

eine Textversion:

```
1 validation error
path -> item_id
  value is not a valid integer (type=type_error.integer)
```

#### `RequestValidationError` vs. `ValidationError`

  `comp:` etc.  At this stage we check if the PR is valid and meets certain
  quality requirements. For example, we check if the CLA is signed, PR has
  sufficient description, if applicable unit tests are added, if it is a
  reasonable contribution (meaning it is not a single liner cosmetic PR).

**2. Valid?**

-   If the PR passes all the quality checks then we go ahead and assign a
    reviewer.

  //   2. Signer whose configured maximum is shorter than the requested duration
  //   3. Signer whose configured minimum is longer than the requested duration
  //
  // The minimum valid value for expirationSeconds is 600, i.e. 10 minutes.
  //
  // +optional
  optional int32 expirationSeconds = 8;

  // usages specifies a set of key usages requested in the issued certificate.
  //

   * if no streams were processed.
   *
   * @param lastGoodStreamId the last stream ID processed, or zero if no streams were processed.
   * @param errorCode reason for closing the connection.
   * @param debugData only valid for HTTP/2; opaque debug data to send.
   */
  @Throws(IOException::class)
  fun goAway(
    lastGoodStreamId: Int,
    errorCode: ErrorCode,
    debugData: ByteArray,
  ) {
    this.withLock {

    /**
     * Sets the header named [name] to [value]. If this request already has any headers
     * with that name, they are all replaced.
     */
    open fun header(
      name: String,
      value: String,
    ) = commonHeader(name, value)

    /**
     * Adds a header with [name] and [value]. Prefer this method for multiply-valued
     * headers like "Cookie".
     *

the terms of this Agreement, and without further action by the parties hereto,
such provision shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such
provision valid and enforceable.

If Recipient institutes patent litigation against any entity (including a
cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Program itself

* Valida **estructuras complejas**:
    * Usa modelos jerárquicos de modelos de Pydantic, `typing` de Python,  `List` y `Dict`, etc.