this.axes = axes;
    int[] axesSizeProduct = new int[axes.size() + 1];
    axesSizeProduct[axes.size()] = 1;
    try {
      for (int i = axes.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
        axesSizeProduct[i] = Math.multiplyExact(axesSizeProduct[i + 1], axes.get(i).size());
      }
    } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Cartesian product too large; must have size at most Integer.MAX_VALUE");
    }