# Introducción a los Tipos de Python

**Python 3.6+** tiene soporte para <abbr title="en español, anotaciones de tipo. En inglés también se conocen como: type annotations">"type hints"</abbr> opcionales.

Estos **type hints** son una nueva sintaxis, desde Python 3.6+, que permite declarar el <abbr title="por ejemplo: str, int, float, bool">tipo</abbr> de una variable.

#
# setup.python.sh: Install a specific Python version and packages for it.
# Usage: setup.python.sh <pyversion> <requirements.txt>
set -xe

source ~/.bashrc
VERSION=$1
REQUIREMENTS=$2

add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
# Install Python packages for this container's version
if [[ ${VERSION} == "python3.13" ]]; then
  cat >pythons.txt <<EOF
$VERSION
$VERSION-dev
$VERSION-venv

#
# setup.python.sh: Install a specific Python version and packages for it.
# Usage: setup.python.sh <pyversion> <requirements.txt>
set -xe

source ~/.bashrc
VERSION=$1
REQUIREMENTS=$2

# Install Python packages for this container's version
if [[ ${VERSION} == "python3.13" ]]; then
  cat >pythons.txt <<EOF
$VERSION
$VERSION-dev
$VERSION-venv
EOF
else

Ancak, ne yazık ki, yararlı hiçbir şey elde edemediniz:

<img src="/img/python-types/image01.png">

### Tipleri ekle

Önceki sürümden sadece bir satırı değiştirelim.

Tam olarak bu parçayı, işlevin parametrelerini  değiştireceğiz:

```Python
    first_name, last_name
```

ve bu hale getireceğiz:

```Python
    first_name: str, last_name: str
```

Bu kadar.

# Python 类型提示简介

**Python 3.6+ 版本**加入了对"类型提示"的支持。

这些**"类型提示"**是一种新的语法（在 Python 3.6 版本加入）用来声明一个变量的<abbr title="例如：str、int、float、bool">类型</abbr>。

通过声明变量的类型，编辑器和一些工具能给你提供更好的支持。

这只是一个关于 Python 类型提示的**快速入门 / 复习**。它仅涵盖与 **FastAPI** 一起使用所需的最少部分...实际上只有很少一点。

整个 **FastAPI** 都基于这些类型提示构建，它们带来了许多优点和好处。

但即使你不会用到 **FastAPI**，了解一下类型提示也会让你从中受益。

/// note

如果你已经精通 Python，并且了解关于类型提示的一切知识，直接跳到下一章节吧。

///

## 动机

让我们从一个简单的例子开始：

## Import `Header`

First import `Header`:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!> ../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!> ../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="3"
{!> ../../docs_src/header_params/tutorial001_an.py!}
```

Genauso können Sie eine Response deklarieren, die eine Liste von Objekten ist.

Verwenden Sie dafür Pythons Standard `typing.List` (oder nur `list` in Python 3.9 und darüber):

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="18"
{!> ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="1  20"
{!> ../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial004.py!}
```

////

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Or in Python 3.10 and above:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

For example:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="28"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="28"

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Oder in Python 3.10 und darüber:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

Zum Beispiel:

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="27"
{!> ../../docs_src/body_multiple_params/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="27"

//// tab | Python 3.10+

```Python hl_lines="8-9"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py310.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.9+

```Python hl_lines="8-9"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an_py39.py!}
```

////

//// tab | Python 3.8+

```Python hl_lines="9-10"
{!> ../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial005_an.py!}
```