}

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Messages: accessing invalid index throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException")
    void messagesOutOfBoundsThrows() {
        // Arrange
        String[] msgs = DosError.DOS_ERROR_MESSAGES;

        // Act & Assert: negative index
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            @SuppressWarnings("unused")
            String s = msgs[-1];
        });

        assertTrue(repr.contains("newOplockLevel=2"));
    }

    /**
     * Test decoding of bytes buffer that is too short triggers an exception.
     * Note: The actual implementation throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
     * when the buffer is too short, not SMBProtocolDecodingException.
     */
    @Test
    void readBytesWireFormatTooShortException() {
        Configuration cfg = mock(Configuration.class);

    void encodeThrowsWhenDestinationTooSmall() {
        byte[] src = makeSeq(5);
        Encodable enc = new ByteEncodable(src, 0, 5);
        byte[] dst = new byte[4]; // too small

        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> enc.encode(dst, 0),
                "System.arraycopy should throw for insufficient destination space");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("encode() throws when dstIndex causes overflow")

        // The current implementation has a bug in the binary search that causes ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> {
            DcerpcException.getMessageByDcerpcError(unknownCode);
        }, "Should throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException due to binary search bug");
    }

    }

    @Test
    void testReadDataWireFormatWithNegativeLength() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
        // Negative length should cause ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException from System.arraycopy
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> response.readDataWireFormat(buffer, 0, -1));
    }

        @DisplayName("Insufficient buffer causes ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException")
        void shortBuffer_throwsAIOOBE() {
            // Arrange: length 1 means readInt2 will access index 1 and fail
            byte[] buffer = new byte[1];
            Smb2LogoffResponse resp = newResponse();

            // Act & Assert
            assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> resp.readBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0));
        }

        writeLittleEndianInt(baos, 100); // size
        writeLittleEndianLong(baos, 1000); // offset way out of bounds
        byte[] pacData = baos.toByteArray();

        // This currently throws ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
        // but should be wrapped in PACDecodingException
        assertThrows(Exception.class, () -> new Pac(pacData, keys));
    }

    @Test
    void testZeroBufferCount() throws IOException {

        // Arrange
        Smb2LogoffRequest req = newRequest();
        byte[] tiny = new byte[3]; // less than 4 bytes available

        // Act/Assert
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> req.writeBytesWireFormat(tiny, 0));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("writeBytesWireFormat throws with negative index")
    void writeBytesWireFormat_throwsIfNegativeIndex() {
        // Arrange

    void testReadParameterWordsWithShortBuffer() {
        byte[] buffer = new byte[] { 0x00, 0x01, 0x02 }; // only three bytes
        assertThrows(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class, () -> response.readParameterWordsWireFormat(buffer, 0));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("readParameterWordsWireFormat with null buffer - throws NullPointerException")

        // make sure we don't exceed input's allocated size/length
        if (offset < 0 || len < 0 || (long) offset + len > input.length) {
            throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
        }

        // compute number of bytes still unhashed; ie. present in buffer
        int bufferNdx = (int) (count % BLOCK_LENGTH);
        count += len; // update number of bytes