* element content or {@link #xmlAttributeEscaper} in attribute values.
   *
   * <p>This escaper substitutes {@code 0xFFFD} for non-whitespace control characters and the
   * character values {@code 0xFFFE} and {@code 0xFFFF} which are not permitted in XML. For more
   * detail see section <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/#charsets">2.2</a> of
   * the XML specification.
   *

      }
    }

    // Test that 0xFFFE and 0xFFFF are replaced with 0xFFFD
    assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "\uFFFD", '\uFFFE');
    assertEscaping(xmlEscaper, "\uFFFD", '\uFFFF');

    assertEquals(
        "0xFFFE is forbidden and should be replaced during escaping",
        "[\uFFFD]",
        xmlEscaper.escape("[\ufffe]"));
    assertEquals(
        "0xFFFF is forbidden and should be replaced during escaping",

        assertEquals(0xFFFF, pdis.readUnsignedShort());
    }

    @Test
    public void testReadUnsignedInt() throws IOException {
        // Little-endian 0xFFFFFFFF -> 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF 0xFF
        byte[] data = new byte[] { (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF };
        PacDataInputStream pdis = createInputStream(data);
        assertEquals(0xFFFFFFFFL, pdis.readUnsignedInt());
    }

    @Test

    val flags = buf.readShort().toInt() and 0xffff
    require(flags shr 15 != 0) { "not a response" }

    val responseCode = flags and 0xf

    if (responseCode == NXDOMAIN) {
      throw UnknownHostException("$hostname: NXDOMAIN")
    } else if (responseCode == SERVFAIL) {
      throw UnknownHostException("$hostname: SERVFAIL")
    }

    val questionCount = buf.readShort().toInt() and 0xffff

      cp >>>= 2;
      dest[2] = upperHexDigits[cp & 0xF];
      cp >>>= 4;
      dest[1] = upperHexDigits[0xC | cp];
      return dest;
    } else if (cp <= 0xffff) {
      // Three byte UTF-8 characters [cp >= 0x800 && cp <= 0xffff]
      // Start with "%E-%--%--" and fill in the blanks
      char[] dest = new char[9];
      dest[0] = '%';
      dest[1] = 'E';
      dest[3] = '%';
      dest[6] = '%';

        b[off + 0] = (byte) SessionServicePacket.SESSION_MESSAGE;
        b[off + 1] = (byte) 0x00;
        b[off + 2] = (byte) (len >> 8 & 0xFF);
        b[off + 3] = (byte) (len & 0xFF);

        out.write(b, off, 4 + len);
    }

        int len = cmd.writeParametersWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        assertTrue(len >= 2);
        // writeInt2 writes in little-endian format (LSB first)
        int written = (buffer[0] & 0xFF) | ((buffer[1] & 0xFF) << 8);
        int expected = level & 0xFFFF;
        assertEquals(expected, written);
    }

    // Helper method to extract string from buffer
    private String extractStringFromBuffer(byte[] buffer, int offset, int maxLen) {

        long data4 = bb2.getLong();

        // Construct UUID from components - Java UUID expects big-endian representation
        long mostSig = ((long) data1 << 32) | ((long) (data2 & 0xFFFF) << 16) | (data3 & 0xFFFF);
        long leastSig = data4;

        this.guid = new UUID(mostSig, leastSig);
    }

    /**
     * Create a handle GUID from existing UUID
     * @param uuid the UUID to wrap
     */

            e.versionMajor = buffer[bufferIndex] & 0xFF;
            bufferIndex++;
            e.versionMinor = buffer[bufferIndex++] & 0xFF;
            e.type = SMBUtil.readInt4(buffer, bufferIndex);
            bufferIndex += 4;
            int off = SMBUtil.readInt4(buffer, bufferIndex);
            bufferIndex += 4;
            off = (off & 0xFFFF) - this.converter;
            off = start + off;

        assertArrayEquals(new byte[] { (byte) 0xFF, (byte) 0xFF }, dst, "Negative sid should wrap to 0xFFFF");
    }

    @Test
    void testWriteParameterWordsWithOffset() {
        byte[] dst = new byte[5];
        int written = instance.writeParameterWordsWireFormat(dst, 3);
        assertEquals(2, written);
        assertEquals((byte) (TEST_SID & 0xFF), dst[3]);
        assertEquals((byte) ((TEST_SID >> 8) & 0xFF), dst[4]);