Pour ces cas, vous pouvez spécifier un appel à `jsonable_encoder` pour convertir vos données avant de les passer à une réponse :

```Python hl_lines="6-7  21-22"
{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Détails techniques"
    Vous pouvez aussi utiliser `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse`.

In diesen Fällen können Sie den `jsonable_encoder` verwenden, um Ihre Daten zu konvertieren, bevor Sie sie an eine Response übergeben:

```Python hl_lines="6-7  21-22"
{!../../../docs_src/response_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Technische Details"
    Sie können auch `from starlette.responses import JSONResponse` verwenden.

不过，仍可以验证、转换与注释（使用 Pydantic 模型的请求体等）其它正常声明的参数。

但在某些特定情况下，还是需要提取 `Request` 对象。

## 直接使用 `Request` 对象

假设要在*路径操作函数*中获取客户端 IP 地址和主机。

此时，需要直接访问请求。

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

把*路径操作函数*的参数类型声明为 `Request`，**FastAPI** 就能把 `Request` 传递到参数里。

!!! tip "提示"

    注意，本例除了声明请求参数之外，还声明了路径参数。

    因此，能够提取、验证路径参数、并转换为指定类型，还可以用 OpenAPI 注释。

Angenommen, Sie möchten auf die IP-Adresse/den Host des Clients in Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* zugreifen.

Dazu müssen Sie direkt auf den Request zugreifen.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

Durch die Deklaration eines *Pfadoperation-Funktionsparameters*, dessen Typ der `Request` ist, weiß **FastAPI**, dass es den `Request` diesem Parameter übergeben soll.

!!! tip "Tipp"

			continue
		}
		name := fmt.Sprintf("%s.%s", wl.Info.Name, wl.Info.Namespace)
		if filter.Direction != "outbound" {
			for _, c := range wl.Connections.Inbound {
				fmt.Fprintf(w, "%v\tInbound\t%v\t%v\t%v\n", name, lookupIP(c.ActualDst), lookupIP(c.Src), c.OriginalDst)
			}
		}
		if filter.Direction != "inbound" {
			for _, c := range wl.Connections.Outbound {

      result.writeUtf8(string, pos, limit)
      return true
    }

    var pos = pos + 4 // 'xn--'.size.

    // We'd prefer to operate directly on `result` but it doesn't offer insertCodePoint(), only
    // appendCodePoint(). The Punycode algorithm processes code points in increasing code-point
    // order, not in increasing index order.

      }

      when {
        "no-cache".equals(directive, ignoreCase = true) -> {
          noCache = true
        }
        "no-store".equals(directive, ignoreCase = true) -> {
          noStore = true
        }
        "max-age".equals(directive, ignoreCase = true) -> {
          maxAgeSeconds = parameter.toNonNegativeInt(-1)
        }
        "s-maxage".equals(directive, ignoreCase = true) -> {

# `Request` class

You can declare a parameter in a *path operation function* or dependency to be of type `Request` and then you can access the raw request object directly, without any validation, etc.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Request
```

!!! tip

You can use the `TestClient` class to test FastAPI applications without creating an actual HTTP and socket connection, just communicating directly with the FastAPI code.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Testing](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/testing/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.testclient`:

```python
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
```

## `Depends()`

Dependencies are handled mainly with the special function `Depends()` that takes a callable.

Here is the reference for it and its parameters.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Depends
```

::: fastapi.Depends

## `Security()`