type wholeBitrotReader struct {
	disk       StorageAPI
	volume     string
	filePath   string
	verifier   *BitrotVerifier // Holds the bit-rot info
	tillOffset int64           // Affects the length of data requested in disk.ReadFile depending on Read()'s offset
	buf        []byte          // Holds bit-rot verified data
}

func (b *wholeBitrotReader) ReadAt(buf []byte, offset int64) (n int, err error) {
	if b.buf == nil {

// errFileCorrupt - file has an unexpected size, or is not readable
var errFileCorrupt = StorageErr("file is corrupted")

// errBitrotHashAlgoInvalid - the algo for bit-rot hash
// verification is empty or invalid.
var errBitrotHashAlgoInvalid = StorageErr("bit-rot hash algorithm is invalid")

// errCrossDeviceLink - rename across devices not allowed.

)

// lockedRandSource provides protected rand source, implements rand.Source interface.
type lockedRandSource struct {
	lk  sync.Mutex
	src rand.Source
}

// Int63 returns a non-negative pseudo-random 63-bit integer as an int64.
func (r *lockedRandSource) Int63() (n int64) {
	r.lk.Lock()
	n = r.src.Int63()
	r.lk.Unlock()
	return
}

// Seed uses the provided seed value to initialize the generator to a

![Erasure](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/screenshots/erasure-code.jpg?raw=true)

## What is Bit Rot protection?

Bit Rot, also known as data rot or silent data corruption is a data loss issue faced by disk drives today. Data on the drive may silently get corrupted without signaling an error has occurred, making bit rot more dangerous than a permanent hard drive failure.

	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/hash/sha256"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/logger"
	"github.com/minio/sio"
)

// ObjectKey is a 256 bit secret key used to encrypt the object.
// It must never be stored in plaintext.
type ObjectKey [32]byte

// GenerateKey generates a unique ObjectKey from a 256 bit external key
// and a source of randomness. If random is nil the default PRNG of the
// system (crypto/rand) is used.

		return b2
	case HighwayHash256:
		hh, _ := highwayhash.New(magicHighwayHash256Key) // New will never return error since key is 256 bit
		return hh
	case HighwayHash256S:
		hh, _ := highwayhash.New(magicHighwayHash256Key) // New will never return error since key is 256 bit
		return hh
	default:
		logger.CriticalIf(GlobalContext, errors.New("Unsupported bitrot algorithm"))
		return nil
	}
}

| xlVersionMinor | uint16         | Minor xl-meta version.
| xlMetaV2       | msgp bin array | Bin array with serialized metadata
| crc            | msgp uint      | Lower 32 bits of 64 bit xxhash of previous array contents (v1.2+ only)
| inline data    | binary         | Inline data if any, see Inline Data section for encoding.  
| [EOF] | |

## v1.0-v1.2 Versions

	if b {
		*t |= other
	}
}

// Mask returns the mask as a uint64.
func (t Mask) Mask() uint64 {
	return uint64(t)
}

// Maskable implementations must return their mask as a 64 bit uint.
type Maskable interface {
	Mask() uint64

		return false
	case cache.finished() && time.Since(cache.lastHandout) > 5*metacacheMaxClientWait:
		// Keep for 15 minutes after we last saw the client.
		// Since the cache is finished keeping it a bit longer doesn't hurt us.
		return false
	case cache.status == scanStateError || cache.status == scanStateNone:
		// Remove failed listings after 5 minutes.
		return time.Since(cache.lastUpdate) > 5*time.Minute
	}

setting the env. variable `MINIO_KMS_SECRET_KEY`. It expects the following
format:

```sh
MINIO_KMS_SECRET_KEY=<key-name>:<base64-value>
```

First generate a 256 bit random key via:

```sh
$ cat /dev/urandom | head -c 32 | base64 -
OSMM+vkKUTCvQs9YL/CVMIMt43HFhkUpqJxTmGl6rYw=
```

Now, you can set `MINIO_KMS_SECRET_KEY` like this:

```sh