private final Reader reader;
  private final CharsetEncoder encoder;
  private final byte[] singleByte = new byte[1];

  /**
   * charBuffer holds characters that have been read from the Reader but not encoded yet. The buffer
   * is perpetually "flipped" (unencoded characters between position and limit).
   */
  private CharBuffer charBuffer;

  /**
   * byteBuffer holds encoded characters that have not yet been sent to the caller of the input

   * @param encoded The serialized trie.
   * @param start An index in the encoded serialized trie to begin reading characters from.
   * @param builder A map builder to which all entries will be added.
   * @return The number of characters consumed from {@code encoded}.
   */
  private static int doParseTrieToBuilder(
      Deque<CharSequence> stack,
      CharSequence encoded,
      int start,

 * }</pre>
 *
 * <p>If you wish to avoid this, you should either prepend or append the size of each chunk. Keep in
 * mind that when dealing with char sequences, the encoded form of two concatenated char sequences
 * is not equivalent to the concatenation of their encoded form. Therefore, {@link
 * #putString(CharSequence, Charset)} should only be used consistently with <i>complete</i>
 * sequences and not broken into chunks.
 *

 * @author Martin Buchholz
 * @author Clément Roux
 * @since 16.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class Utf8 {
  /**
   * Returns the number of bytes in the UTF-8-encoded form of {@code sequence}. For a string, this
   * method is equivalent to {@code string.getBytes(UTF_8).length}, but is more efficient in both
   * time and space.
   *

public abstract class ByteSink {

  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */
  protected ByteSink() {}

  /**
   * Returns a {@link CharSink} view of this {@code ByteSink} that writes characters to this sink as
   * bytes encoded with the given {@link Charset charset}.
   */
  public CharSink asCharSink(Charset charset) {
    return new AsCharSink(charset);
  }

  /**

 * @author Martin Buchholz
 * @author Clément Roux
 * @since 16.0
 */
@GwtCompatible(emulated = true)
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class Utf8 {
  /**
   * Returns the number of bytes in the UTF-8-encoded form of {@code sequence}. For a string, this
   * method is equivalent to {@code string.getBytes(UTF_8).length}, but is more efficient in both
   * time and space.
   *

   * interoperate with systems that require semicolons.
   *
   * <p><b>Note:</b> Unlike other escapers, URL escapers produce <a
   * href="https://url.spec.whatwg.org/#percent-encode">uppercase</a> hexadecimal sequences.
   *
   */
  public static Escaper urlFormParameterEscaper() {
    return URL_FORM_PARAMETER_ESCAPER;
  }

  private static final Escaper URL_FORM_PARAMETER_ESCAPER =

    private final int d;

    // Four 64-bit words of internal state.
    // The initial state corresponds to the ASCII string "somepseudorandomlygeneratedbytes",
    // big-endian encoded. There is nothing special about this value; the only requirement
    // was some asymmetry so that the initial v0 and v1 differ from v2 and v3.
    private long v0 = 0x736f6d6570736575L;
    private long v1 = 0x646f72616e646f6dL;

 * character encoding} using {@link ByteSink#asCharSink(Charset)}. Characters written to the
 * resulting {@code CharSink} will written to the {@code ByteSink} as encoded bytes.
 *
 * @since 14.0
 * @author Colin Decker
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public abstract class CharSink {

  /** Constructor for use by subclasses. */

 * or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */

/**
 * Interfaces, utilities, and simple implementations of escapers and encoders. The primary type is
 * {@link Escaper}.
 *
 * <p>Additional escapers implementations are found in the applicable packages: {@link
 * com.google.common.html.HtmlEscapers} in {@code com.google.common.html}, {@link